Abstract
BackgroundThe study investigated the presence of CTX-M-15 type extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), compared their genetic arrangements and plasmid types in gram negative isolates of hospital and food origin in north-east India. From September 2013 to April 2014, a total of 252 consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates and 88 gram negative food isolates were selected. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBL genes was performed. Presence of integrons and gene cassettes were analyzed by integrase and 59 base-element PCR respectively. The molecular environments surrounding bla CTX-M and plasmid types were investigated by PCR and PCR-based replicon typing respectively. Transformation was carried out to assess plasmid transfer. Southern blotting was conducted to localize the bla CTX-M-15 genes. DNA fingerprinting was performed by ERIC-PCR.ResultsPrevalence of ESBL was found to be 40.8% (103/252) in clinical and 31.8% (28/88) in food-borne isolates. Molecular characterization revealed the presence of 56.3% (58/103) and 53.5% (15/28) bla CTX-M-15 in clinical and food isolates respectively. Strains of clinical and food origin were non-clonal. Replicon typing revealed that IncI1 and IncFII plasmid were carrying bla CTX-M-15 in clinical and food isolates and were horizontally transferable. The ISEcp1 element was associated with bla CTX-M-15 in both clinical and food isolates.ConclusionsThe simultaneous presence of resistance determinants in non-clonal isolates of two different groups thus suggests that the microbiota of common food products consumed may serve as a reservoir for some of the drug resistance genes prevalent in human pathogens.
Highlights
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Gram negative bacteria is a global health threat
The study investigated the presence of CTX-M-15 type extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), compared their genetic arrangements and plasmid types in gram negative isolates of hospital and food origin in north-east India
Molecular characterization revealed the presence of 56.3% (58/103) and 53.5% (15/28) blaCTX-M-15 in clinical and food isolates respectively
Summary
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Gram negative bacteria is a global health threat. In hospital settings infection with ESBL-producing organisms results in poor clinical outcomes, delay in antibacterial therapy, longer hospital stay and increased hospital expenses [1]. These organisms serve as a potential threat and economic burden for the public health departments and communities. The incidence of infections due to such resistant organisms has rapidly increased over the last decade and has become a worldwide epidemic. The study investigated the presence of CTX-M-15 type extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), compared their genetic arrangements and plasmid types in gram negative isolates of hospital and food origin in north-east India. The molecular environments surrounding blaCTX-M and plasmid types were investigated by PCR and PCR-based replicon typing respectively.
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