Abstract
Research has long been associated with human life. In the effort to make a living, many experts who have contributed to the modernization of traditional research methods by conducting various research activities. In this process, professionals, from farmers to senior researchers, have done their part by developing plants that can tolerate or resist to disease. The growing population, climate change and plant disease are having a devastating effect on food security. In particular, it is essential to increase food production by producing high yielding crops of good quality, that may ensure food security. Recently, different gene- editing technologies have been developed. These techniques have been applied in many research fields and their development has provided economic benefits to farmers. Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic methods are very important techniques for transforming genetic materials in plants. Genome- editing technologies are recent and highly applied in plant research to improve genes associated with yield, disease resistance and drought resistance. For example, Zinc-finger Nucleases (ZFNS), Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALEN), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats system (CRISPR/ Cas9) methods are now widely applied by researchers and are playing a positive role in increasing production and productivity. Of the gene- editing technology, CRISPR/ Cas9 is widely applied in plant breeding programme as it is easy to use and cost-effective. In this review, we mainly focus on peanut plant, which is an important oil-bearing allotetraploid crop. Therefore, peanut gene editing-technology could increase the oleic acid content in edible peanut oil. Thus, genome editing and gene transformation technologies are extensively explored in this review.
Highlights
Due to the development of different gene transformation and gene removal or addition methods, researchers are applying to solve plant disease problems, to increase the yield and quality of the product
In the effort to make a living, many experts who have contributed to the modernization of traditional research methods by conducting various research activities
Zincfinger Nucleases (ZFNS), Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALEN), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats system (CRISPR/ Cas9) methods are widely applied by researchers and are playing a positive role in increasing production and productivity
Summary
Due to the development of different gene transformation and gene removal or addition methods, researchers are applying to solve plant disease problems, to increase the yield and quality of the product. Cas endonuclease and guide RNA can be delivered into plant cells as DNA, RNA or robonucleoprotein (RNP) to cleave target DNA sequence (s) in the genome. In addition to the intended target (on-target) site, Case can potentially cause off-target double strand breaks (DSBs) at genomic locations with significant sequence similarity to that of the intended target sequence [1, 2]. Cause of off-target (creating unexpected mutation) may be a drawback of the technology which need improvement mechanism and further investigation to minimize related problem in the future breeding programme in plants
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