Abstract

A crossbreeding experiment was conducted between the Sinai (SI), an indigenous Egyptian strain, and the exotic Lohmann Brown (LB) breeds of chickens. A total of 790 chicks were produced in four genetic groups, namely SI x SI, LB x LB, SI x LB, and LB x SI. The objective was to estimate the direct additive effect (gi), individual heterosis (hi), and maternal additive effect (gm) for growth and reproduction traits. Direct additive effects were positive (P ≤0.01) for bodyweight (BW) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks old in favour of SI. For egg production traits, gi was positive for age at sexual maturity (ASM) and age at which the first 10 eggs were produced (P10), but negative for mean 10 egg production (MP10), egg number at 90 days (EN90),mean egg number at 90 days (MEN90), and egg mass (EM). The estimates of heterosis (%) were high for BW and daily gain except for BW0. Maternal effect estimates of BW and daily weight gain were significant (P <0.05) only for bodyweight at hatching (BW0), bodyweight at 4 weeks old (BW4) and daily weight gain from four to eight weeks old (DWG4-8). Thus, the Sinai and Lohmann Brown crossbreed produced favourable heterosis on the growth of the chicks. As an adapted indigenous strain, SI should be regarded as a dam line in crossing with LB, which has greater genetic potential for growth. Use of LB as a sire strain in conjunction with Sinai would increase egg production from the resulting hybrid chickens.

Highlights

  • Crossbreeding is widely used in poultry breeding programmes because it increases the numbers of heterozygous loci and results in heterosis for traits such as growth and egg production (Amuzu-Aweh et al, 2015)

  • Egg production trait Age at first egg, days Time to produce the first 10 eggs, days Average weight of the first 10 eggs, g Number of eggs produced in 90 days Average weight of eggs produced in 90 days, g Egg mass, g

  • Comparable estimates from this study indicate the relative magnitude of the direct additive effects on growth traits to average 9.9%

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Summary

Introduction

Crossbreeding is widely used in poultry breeding programmes because it increases the numbers of heterozygous loci and results in heterosis for traits such as growth and egg production (Amuzu-Aweh et al, 2015). Crossbreds that result from the best performing parental breeds could lead to the production of birds that were superior in growth and egg production in a tropical environment. The SI is a mongrel fowl that is raised in the Sinai peninsula desert and is adapted to the hot climate (Soltan et al, 2018). It could be included in crossbreeding programmes to improve the performance of the local chicken population (El-Tahawy, 2020). Lohmann Brown is a composite breed of commercial chicken, developed in Germany, and noted for egg quality, production efficiency and adaptability

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