Abstract
Forest breeding should be produced not only by the representatives of the local flora, which is not very diverse in some areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but by species and forms of trees growing in temperate zones of the worldwide. In particular, this refers to arboretums located in the conditions significantly different from the place of natural growth of the introduced species. One of this arboretum is the JSC "Forest nursery" of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan which is located in the South-East of the republic.The aim of this study was to study the ecological and genetic variability of coniferous introducents in the foothill desert-steppe zone and to determine the share of genetic and environmental factors. The variability and the relative stability of the expression of the quantitative trait in ontogenesis, which characterizes the species adaptation to the new conditions in 9 Yellow pine trunks, Crimean pine trunks and Scots pine trees, 7 Blue spruce trees and the same number of trees in European spruce, in which annual increments of the height of one morphological Location.Beginning with the growth of 2014 and then sequentially down the trunk, so long as lateral branches of the first order in whorls were preserved or traces were observed in a good way. Thus, the value of the mean squares differs significantly in the increments of a single morphological location and in the increments of tree groups, in the introductions species and in the periods of their life. Therefore we are allowed to conclude that there are still some parts and interference in the estimation of the ecological, genotypic and phenotypic dispersions that have different values and are manifested to a greater extent, or in the analysis of increments of tree groups, or increments of one morphological location, that is, they change the cause of their display.
Highlights
The specific harsh environmental conditions of the desert-steppe zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan which are not suitable for forestry mean that afforestation should be performed with local flora, which in some areas of the Republic is not very diverse, and using species and forms of trees growing in other countries of the temperate zones of the world
The analysis of the components of phenotypic variance of increments for each tree group under Lash’s scheme with the calculation of the coefficients of heritability in a broad sense showed that the phenotypic variance of increments is almost equal to random, which in a univariate variance analysis approximately assesses the environmental share in total dispersion of variance
The results of the analysis indicate a different character of increments variability increase in the periods of introducents growth and the interaction of the factors: Pitch pine and Scotch pine have significant differences in increments by the periods of growth at the level of 01significance, there are no significant differences in tree increments, the interaction of factors period – increments of Pitch pine is insignificantly and it is essential in Scotch pine with a probability of 95%.There are no differences in increments in the Crimea pine neither in the factors A, B nor on their interaction
Summary
The specific harsh environmental conditions of the desert-steppe zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan which are not suitable for forestry mean that afforestation should be performed with local flora, which in some areas of the Republic is not very diverse, and using species and forms of trees growing in other countries of the temperate zones of the world. Such work is under the responsibility of the botanical gardens and arboretum This applies in particular to the Arboretum located in the conditions that differ significantly from the natural habitats of the introduced species. This kind of arboretum is the JSC "Forest nursery" of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan which is located in the south-east of the country. It has a concentration (according to inventory 2014) of more than 1300 species, forms and varieties of trees and shrubs, representing 58 families and 153 species, introduced from different countries of Eurasia, the Mediterranean, North America, China, Korea and Japan
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