Abstract
Cotton genetic resources contain diverse economically important traits that can be used widely in breeding approaches to create of high-yielding elite cultivars with superior fiber quality and adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, the creation of new cultivars using conventional breeding methods is limited by the cost and proved to be time consuming process, also requires a space to make field observations and measurements. Decoding genomes of cotton species greatly facilitated generating large-scale high-throughput DNA markers and identification of QTLs that allows confirmation of candidate genes, and use them in marker-assisted selection (MAS)-based breeding programs. With the advances of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide-association study approaches, DNA markers associated with valuable traits significantly accelerate breeding processes by replacing the selection with a phenotype to the selection at the DNA or gene level. In this review, we discuss the evolution and genetic diversity of cotton Gossypium genus, molecular markers and their types, genetic mapping and QTL analysis, application, and perspectives of MAS-based approaches in cotton breeding.
Highlights
Cotton is one of the oldest cultivated crop plants and it is grown as the main source of raw materials for the textile industry
DNA markers play an important role in the study of genetic polymorphism, inheritance of genes, and their allelic state, in phylogenetic analysis, as well as identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are closely linked with genes controlling the economically valuable traits of plants (Bruford et al, 2003; Mittal and Dubey, 2009)
Islam et al (2016) used an Upland cotton multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population, developed through random mating of 11 diverse cultivars for five generations, in a molecular map of singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with fiber traits from four environments (Islam et al, 2016)
Summary
Cotton is one of the oldest cultivated crop plants and it is grown as the main source of raw materials for the textile industry. The genus Gossypium, covering large geographical and ecological niches, has a wide amplitude of morpho-biological and genetic diversity, preserved in centers of origin of cotton in situ, in collections of germplasm of cotton ex situ, as well as in materials of breeding programs throughout the world. These resources can be successfully used in cotton breeding programs to transfer economically valuable traits from wild species to the cultivated genotypes in order to create promising competitive varieties
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