Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Marker-Trait Association for Drought Tolerance in US Rice Germplasm.

Uttam Bhattarai,Prasanta K Subudhi

doi:10.3390/plants8120530

Uttam Bhattarai, Prasanta K Subudhi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8120530

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Abstract

Drought is a major constraint in some rice-growing areas of the United States. Its impact is most severe at the reproductive stage resulting in low grain yield. Therefore, assessment of genetic and phenotypic variation for drought tolerance in US rice germplasm is necessary to accelerate the breeding effort. Evaluation of 205 US rice genotypes for drought tolerance at the reproductive stage revealed tolerant response in rice genotypes Bengal, Jupiter, Cypress, Jazzman, Caffey, and Trenasse. Harvest index and fresh shoot weight were identified as important traits to explain the majority of variability among the genotypes under drought tolerance. Genotyping with 80 SSR markers indicated a low level of genetic diversity in US germplasm. Population structure analysis grouped the genotypes into eight clusters. The genotypes from California, Louisiana, and Arkansas formed distinct subgroups. Texas genotypes were similar to those from Louisiana and Arkansas. Marker-trait association analysis showed significant association of RM570 and RM351 with grain yield, spikelet fertility, and harvest index whereas shoot dry weight showed association with RM302 and RM461. The drought-tolerant genotypes identified in this study and the SSR markers associated with drought tolerance attributes will be helpful for development of improved drought-tolerant rice varieties through marker assisted selection.

Highlights

Rice is a hydrophyte and requires a large amount of water for its growth and development.Since the majority of rice-producing areas in Asia and Africa are rainfed, moisture stress, during reproductive stage, reduces yield drastically and threatens food security for millions of people.Drought in California and water restrictions in Texas have negatively impacted rice production in the United States
There was a significant positive correlation between days to heading and yield-related traits (Table 2), which could be due to production of new flowering panicles in previously matured tillers during the drought recovery period contributing toward yield
The number of tillers was negatively correlated with grain yield and harvest index because the new tillers produced from the plants during recovery period did not mature to contribute towards yield

Summary

Introduction

Rice is a hydrophyte and requires a large amount of water for its growth and development.Since the majority of rice-producing areas in Asia and Africa are rainfed, moisture stress, during reproductive stage, reduces yield drastically and threatens food security for millions of people.Drought in California and water restrictions in Texas have negatively impacted rice production in the United States. Rice is a hydrophyte and requires a large amount of water for its growth and development. Since the majority of rice-producing areas in Asia and Africa are rainfed, moisture stress, during reproductive stage, reduces yield drastically and threatens food security for millions of people. Drought in California and water restrictions in Texas have negatively impacted rice production in the United States. It shifted the rice acreage to other crops leading to a decline in rice production [1]. There is an urgent need to explore the available genetic resources for drought tolerance and understand the inherent tolerance mechanisms to expedite development of rice varieties for water stress environments. Genetic diversity analysis helps to explore the variability present in rice germplasm for identification of desirable agronomic attributes. There are an estimated 140,000 diverse rice genotypes in the world

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