Abstract
Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) is a recently characterised virus infecting raspberries reported in several European countries. RLBV causes yellow blotching, the distortion of leaf margins, and the twisting of raspberry leaves. For a long time, similar symptoms were attributed to the feeding damage caused by raspberry leaf and bud mite (Phyllocoptes gracilis). From 2014−2017, a large-scale survey was conducted in Serbia to investigate the degree of association of the observed symptoms with the RLBV infection. A total of 98 symptomatic and asymptomatic samples were collected from 30 locations. All collected samples were tested on the RLBV presence by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using three sets of RNA-specific primers targeting RNA-1, RNA-3, and RNA-5 of the RLBV genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed high incidence of RLBV in tested samples (68.7%). RLBV was confirmed in raspberries ‘Fertödi Zamatos’, ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Meeker’, ‘Polana’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Willamette’. Twenty-one isolates were selected for sequencing the portion of the nucleocapsid (NC) gene. The nucleotide sequences of the isolates showed 93.2−100% identity. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed significant genetic variability of the Serbian RLBV isolates based on the nucleocapsid-encoding sequences and revealed the existence of two main clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of the 45 RLBV sequences from Finland, Slovakia, Scotland, and this study also confirmed the existence of two main clusters of isolates.
Highlights
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and other Rubus species are hosts of more than 30 viruses and viruslike agents (Martin et al, 2013)
Raspberry leaf blotch symptoms were noticed in raspberry orchards in Serbia more than five decades ago and were in general attributed to the feeding damages caused by the raspberry leaf and bud mite (Dobrivojević & Petanović, 1985; Milenković & Marčić, 2011)
Primer pair 1287/1095 targeting RNA3 proved to be the most efficient among the three primer pairs used for Raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV) detection in red raspberry samples from Serbia and should be further used as the preferred primer pair for RLBV detection in the country
Summary
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and other Rubus species are hosts of more than 30 viruses and viruslike agents (Martin et al, 2013). Most of the viruses infecting raspberries do not cause symptoms on eco nomically important cultivars, and only a few cause visible symptoms on different plant parts. Different types of symptoms may be expressed on the leaves and fruits of sensitive cultivars, in mixed virus infections. Yellow patches and blotches on leaves were commonly found in red raspberry orchards and for a long time were described as infestation by the raspberry leaf and bud mite P. gracillis feeds on raspberries, causing pale green and yellow patches and blotches, twisting and distortion of the leaf margins. McGavin et al (2012) reported the presence of a new negativestrand RNA virus in the red raspberry plants with leaf blotch symptoms. The virus was detected in the raspberry leaf and bud mite, suggesting its vector role, and was named Raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). RLBV has been confirmed only in Euro pean countries: Great Britain, Serbia, Finland, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Poland (Jevremović et al, 2016)
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