Abstract
Cowpea crops have the highest social and economic relevance to Brazil, being the food base of families mainly in the semi-arid areas of the country. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an economically important disease of cowpea that can cause significant reductions in bean yield. This study aimed to access the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates obtained from cowpea grown in the Pernambuco semi-arid region, by molecular analysis. Fifty-one isolates, collected from municipality of Belém do São Francisco from cowpea plants and displaying typical symptoms and signs of charcoal rot, were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates clearly differentiate into two groups. The group 1 comprises the majority of isolates and the group 2 contains two isolates, isol46 and isol47. The highest similarity index (0.9) was observed between the isolates isol22 and isol35 and the lowest similarity index (0.2) was observed between isol37 and isol46 isolates. Our results revealed that the ISSR-PCR fingerprinting patterns were useful for differentiating M. phaseolina isolates from V. unguiculata plants sampled. Therefore, genetic characterization of this fungus is of importance for the effective disease management.
Highlights
The area cropped with cowpea covers about 1.2 million of hectares annually. This crop is increasingly damaged by charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina that can cause significant reductions in bean yield, ranging from 10 to 100%, depending on the cultivar planted and the planting season
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction was performed in a 25-μL reaction volume containing 15-20 ng of DNA template, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0), 2 mM MgCl2, 100 mM each of four deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate, 1 mM primer, 1.5 units of Taq polymerase (Life Technologies)
Several studies have shown a high level of polymorphism in M. phaseolina (Mahdizadeh et al, 2011, 2012; Saar et al, 2014; Salahlou et al, 2016). These studies have demonstrated that high genetic diversity of this fungal species is reflected in isolates from distinct hosts and within isolates collected from a single host or geographical origin
Summary
Walp) is a very important crop to the agricultural systems in the Brazil It is cultivated with prominence in the states of Ceará, Bahia and Piauí, in the Northeast; and Pará in the north. In both regions, the production is consumed internally, being the food base of families mainly in the semi-arid areas of the Northeast (Marinho et al, 2017). M. phaseolina is a phytopathogenic fungus with origin in the soil and seed, belonging to the family Botryosphaeriaceae It is one of the most destructive plant pathogens causing diseases in many crop plants, including cotton, soybean, potato and cowpea, among others (Leyva-Mir et al, 2015). Molecular approaches based on sequence analysis of nucleic jas.ccsenet.org
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