Genetic Diversity of Croatian Common Bean Landraces.

Klaudija Carović-Stanko,Zlatko Liber,Zlatko Šatović,Boris Lazarević,Ana Barešić,Monika Vidak,Martina Grdiša

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00604

Klaudija Carović-Stanko, Zlatko Liber + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00604

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Abstract

In Croatia, the majority of the common bean production is based on local landraces, grown by small-scale farmers in low input production systems. Landraces are adapted to the specific growing conditions and agro-environments and show a great morphological diversity. These local landraces are in danger of genetic erosion caused by complex socio-economic changes in rural communities. The low profitability of farms and their small size, the advanced age of farmers and the replacement of traditional landraces with modern bean cultivars and/or other more profitable crops have been identified as the major factors affecting genetic erosion. Three hundred accessions belonging to most widely used landraces were evaluated by phaseolin genotyping and microsatellite marker analysis. A total of 183 different multi-locus genotypes in the panel of 300 accessions were revealed using 26 microsatellite markers. Out of 183 accessions, 27.32% were of Mesoamerican origin, 68.31% of Andean, while 4.37% of accessions represented putative hybrids between gene pools. Accessions of Andean origin were further classified into phaseolin type II (“H” or “C”) and III (“T”), the latter being more frequent. A model-based cluster analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of three clusters in congruence with the results of phaseolin type analysis.

Highlights

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a valuable legume for human consumption worldwide, being an important source of high quality proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, phytonutrients and antioxidants (Cardador-Martínez et al, 2002; Reynoso-Camacho et al, 2006)
Complete correspondence of classifications based on phaseolin analysis and model-based clustering using microsatellite markers as well as a strong association between group membership and growth habit in Croatian common bean germplasm could be explained by a series of sequential bottlenecks during domestication, early introduction to Portugal and Spain and eastward expansion throughout Europe
A strong association between phaseolin pattern and growth habit was reported by Raggi et al (2013) by analyzing Italian common bean landraces: plants with climbing ability were prevalent in the “C” (Mesoamerican group) and “S” (Andean group B) phaseolin pattern groups, while bush plants were prevalent in the “T” (Andean group C) group

Summary

Introduction

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a valuable legume for human consumption worldwide, being an important source of high quality proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, phytonutrients (flavonoids, lignins, phytosterols) and antioxidants (Cardador-Martínez et al, 2002; Reynoso-Camacho et al, 2006). Many of these compounds have important beneficial effects on human health, common bean has considerable potential as a functional food. Common bean was introduced into Europe from mutually independent domestication centers, Central and South America, where the Mesoamerican and the Andean cultivated gene pools originated (Gepts and Debouck, 1991). Subsequent spread of common bean landraces throughout Europe was very complex with several introductions from various regions of the Americas, combined with frequent exchanges between European and other

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