Abstract
Becoming from several species and influenced by the very varied climate and soil conditions that characterize the Romanian territory, the plum has developed in this area numerous biological forms with a wide range of characters and characteristics. Taking into account these realities, fruit growers have selected valuable forms with an amazing diversity in terms of taste, size, productivity, ripening season, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Of these, the 'Tuleu gras' variety, due to its high plasticity and fruit quality, was very widespread in orchards in Romania and was used as parent in the autochthonous plum breeding since the second half of the last century, representing a numerous source of genes. Thus, by using this variety in breeding works, so far 23 varieties with a great genetic diversity have been registered. The aim of this paper was to study the phenotypic variability of some of these descendants. Thus, many varieties created in this way from 'Tuleu gras' (‘Piteștean’, ‘Centenar’, ‘Tita’, ‘Roman’) certainly recorded a genetic gain in almost all objectives, being in turn used as parents in the current works plum improvement.
Highlights
As in other European countries, plum breeding in Romania started from the idea of improving the characteristics of some old local varieties, rustic and very well adapted to the climatic conditions specific to the area
'Tuleul gras' was surpassed by his descendants both on average over the 3 years of study and each year (Table 2), with one exception in 2020, when 'Piteştean' cv. presented values close to it (33.1 g compared to 32.2 g for 'Tuleu gras' cv.)
We find the highest soluble content, as we expected, in 'Tuleu gras' cv. with 14.1%, and 'Roman' cv. with 12.6%, and the lowest in 'Centenar' cv. 10.7 %, while the total soluble content values for 'Piteştean' and 'Tita' cvs. were 12.4 % and 11.4 %, respectively
Summary
As in other European countries, plum breeding in Romania started from the idea of improving the characteristics of some old local varieties, rustic and very well adapted to the climatic conditions specific to the area. Since the first phase of this program in the 50'-60 'of the last century, 'Tuleu gras' was one of the varieties for which Romanian researchers have recognized its valuable characteristics, being until today one of the most prolific sources of genes that has been the basis for obtaining 23 new very valuable plum varieties, some recognized and cultivated in foreign countries with a tradition in plum cultivation: 'Piteştean' in Germany and Poland, 'Carpatin' in the Czech Republic and Poland, ‘Tuleu timpuriu’ in Bulgaria, ‘Tita’ in the Netherlands (Butac et al, 2010; Butac et al, 2011)
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