Abstract
BackgroundIsatidae L. is a complex and systematically difficult genus in Brassicaceae. The genus displays great morphological polymorphism, which makes the classification of species and subspecies difficult as it is observed in Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. The aim of this study is characterization of the genetic diversity in subspecies of Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. distributed widely in Central Anatolia, in Turkey by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique.ResultsEight different Eco RI-Mse I primer combinations produced 805 AFLP loci, 793 (98.5%) of which were polymorphic in 67 accessions representing nine different populations. The data obtained by AFLP was computed with using GDA (Genetic Data Analysis) and STRUCTURE (version 2.3.3) software programs for population genetics. The mean proportion of the polymorphic locus (P), the mean number of alleles (A), the number of unique alleles (U) and the mean value of gene diversity (He) were 0.59, 1.59, 20, and 0.23 respectively. The coancestry coefficient (ϴ) was 0.24. The optimal number of K was identified as seven. The principal component analysis (PCA) explained 85.61% of the total genetic variation.ConclusionIsatis glauca ssp. populations showed a high level of genetic diversity, and the AFLP analysis revealed that high polymorphism and differentiated subspecies could be used conveniently for population genetic studies. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the dissimilarity matrix, the dendrogram drawn with UPGMA method and STRUCTURE cluster analysis distinguished the accessions successfully. The accessions formed distinctive population structures for populations AA, AB, E, K, and S. Populations AG1 and AG2 seemed to have similar genetic content, in addition, in both populations several hybrid individuals were observed. The accessions did not formed distinctive population structures for both populations AI and ANP. Consequently, Ankara province might be the area, where species Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. originated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-48) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Isatidae L. is a complex and systematically difficult genus in Brassicaceae
Genetic analysis In Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, eight EcoR I and Mse I primer combinations produced 805 fragments, 793 (98.5%) of which were polymorphic and 12 (1.5%) were monomorphic
When we compared the results of this study having 793 polymorphic loci, and 98.5% polymorphism, using 8 AFLP primer combinations on 67 accessions, with previous studies (Gilbert et al 2002; Spataro et al 2007), it was observed that this study reported a greater polymorphism among nine Turkish Isatis glauca subspecies populations
Summary
The genus displays great morphological polymorphism, which makes the classification of species and subspecies difficult as it is observed in Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. Isatis glauca has four recognized subspecies, glauca, galatica Yıldırımlı, sivasica (Davis) Yıldırımlı and iconia (Boiss.) Davis. The distribution of this polymorphic species in Turkey is represented in Figure 1 (Yıldırımlı 1988). Mısırdalı (1985) displayed that there were 31 species, 14 subspecies, and 2 varieties in Isatis collections from East & Southeast Anatolia, and the Eastern Mediterranean - regions in Turkey. Glauca flowers in Sivas province of Turkey They observed that 505 (62.92%) of those pollen grains were tricolpate (normal), 129 (16.33%) were syn-
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