Abstract
Caatinga is the third largest biome in Brazil but little is known about the species diversity from this biotic community, despite of its social, economic and environmental importance for the semiarid region. Among the several typical plant species from Caatinga, Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (black jurema) stands out because it plays a major role in the maintenance of this ecosystem, besides being widely used to recover degraded areas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structural analysis from 10 populations of M. tenuiflora from the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, using 10 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. A total of 117 fragments were obtained from 218 individuals with a mean number of 11.8 bands per primer. The mean population polymorphism was 85.0%, while the values of genetic diversity (He) and the Shannon index (I) were equal to 0.295 and 0.442, respectively. Most of genetic variation was observed (87.0%) but high FST values were observed (0.132), indicating the populations are genetically differentiated. Bayesian inference using Structure divided the populations into two groups while Geneland indicated five clusters that could be related to the fragmentation of Caatinga and to constraints in the dispersal of pollen and seeds. In conclusion, M. tenuiflora presents high levels of genetic diversity and natural populations might serve as potential sources for management and reforestation of degraded areas in Caatinga.
Highlights
Caatinga is a poorly known and highly threatened biome, restricted to Brazilian semiarid areas that have suffered from intensive deforestation for cattle and charcoal production as well as inappropriate irrigation systems, leading to desertification, sedimentation of rivers and soil erosion (Leal et al, 2005)
This study suggested that conservation efforts should focus on six populations, such as those with the highest and the lowest levels of genetic variation
A high percentage of polymorphic loci was detected in the present study, being superior to that reported in M. tenuiflora (65.3%) (Chagas, 2018) and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (52.7%) (Araújo et al, 2016)
Summary
Caatinga is a poorly known and highly threatened biome, restricted to Brazilian semiarid areas that have suffered from intensive deforestation for cattle and charcoal production as well as inappropriate irrigation systems, leading to desertification, sedimentation of rivers and soil erosion (Leal et al, 2005). Brazil is a major center of origin for this genus (Barneby, 1991), with a high number of species (350), being 38 of them found in Caatinga (Queiroz, 2009; Dutra & Morim, 2015a). Mimosa tenuiflora (popularly known as black jurema) represents an important natural resource in Caatinga along semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil, being found in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe (Dutra & Morim, 2015b). The tree bark powder is popular in traditional medicine to treat burns, acne, and wounds, since it presents antibiotic, analgesic and astringent properties (Albuquerque, 2007) and antifungal activity in the control of Alternaria alternata in citrus
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