Abstract
Malaria is the first killer as well as endemic disease in highland, lowland and coastal areas of Papua. In 2016 there were 160 thousands cases noted and 80% of the cases were caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Total sample for this study were provided by a clinical trial conducted from May to June 2018 in the regional hospital of Puncak Jaya, Wamena, located in the highland region of Papua. Positive blood samples was collected in a ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) tube. DNA was extracted using method of Geneaid Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Blood/Cultured Cell). The primary reactions used a set of primer corresponding to the conserved regions of block 2 of msp1. The second reactions primer set targets specific allelic families of msp1 (K1, MAD20 and RO33). All polymerase chain reaction amplicons were analyzed by electrophoresis in a 1.0% agarose gel. A total of 26 blood samples of positive P. falciparum were analyzed, 24 (93.2%) were successfully amplified for msp1. The MAD20 allelic family was predominant with 20.8% (8/24), followed by the RO33 allelic family with 8.2% (2/24) and the K1 allelic family with 1/24 (4.2%). The frequency of single allele is 11/24 (45.8%) while multi-allele are 16/24 (66.7%) with K1/RO33, MAD20/RO33, K1/MAD20/RO33 respectively 2/24 (8.3%), 8/24 (33.3%) and 6/24 (25%).
Highlights
Malaria is one of social health problems in the world
In Indonesia, until 2009, 80% re- agencies/municipalities were regarded as malaria endemic, about 45% people who lived in endemic areas are at risk to being infected with malaria parasite
The allelic family-specific primer were used in the nested reaction for block2 of msp1 corresponding to MAD20, K1 and RO33 allelic families
Summary
Malaria is one of social health problems in the world. High cases of malaria parasite happen in some countries in Africa and Asia, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, until 2009, 80% re- agencies/municipalities were regarded as malaria endemic, about 45% people who lived in endemic areas are at risk to being infected with malaria parasite. There are 1.143.023 cases reported in 2009 (Harliani and Nurhadi, 2015) This number of cases were maybe not the exact number of cases due to the fact that endemic malaria cases in remote villages were not reached by transportation and low health services. Of half Indonesian population, about 90 millions people live in endemic area of malaria (Bapenas, 2005). The most dominant causes of malaria parasite is Plasmodium falciparum (80%) (Papua, 2017)
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