GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF MACAW PALM: IMPLICATIONS FOR GENETIC VARIABILITY SAMPLING

Luiz Cláudio Costa Silva,Maurilio Alves Moreira,Newton Deniz Piovesan,Maximiller Dal-Bianco Lamas Costa,Pedro Ivo Vieira Good-God,Luiz Orlando De Oliveira,Roxane Do Carmo Lemos,Calil Gibran Iraiore Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1806-90882017000500008

Luiz Cláudio Costa Silva, Maurilio Alves Moreira + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000500008

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The macaw palm, Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart., is a Brazilian native species with great potential for biofuel production. The aim of this work was to analyze macaw palm genetic diversity to structure and assist in the definition of sampling strategies for germplasm banks. Forty-six microsatellite markers, from which seven polymorphic markers were used to evaluate 103 macaw palm individuals collected from different Brazilian locations. The polymorphic markers were used to generate a dissimilarity matrix by weighted index. The imaging of genetic variability was realized by 3D projection of matrix dissimilarity. Sixty-seven individuals had their ITS region sequenced and aligned, and the mutations found were used to generate a haplotype network. The average genetic distance identified between individuals was 76.2%, ranging from 3.7 to 100%. Genetic variability structure was not found. ITS region sequencing of the 67 individuals revealed four polymorphic sites, defining four haplotypes. The results of this study suggest that historically, macaw populations were strongly connected, indicating a recent population expansion of the species. The results indicate that macaw genetic variety sampling should focus on effective collection in selected locations. Areas such as Caatinga and Humid Chaco however, could present new sources of genetic variability, and should be studied.

Highlights

The macaw palm (Acrocomia Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.: Arecaceae) is an arborescent, tropical, perennial and typically Brazilian palm
Given the potential of the macaw palm as a source of vegetable oil for the biodiesel industry as well as its many uses, this study aimed to investigate variability and genetic structure of the macaw palm to assist in the definition of strategies for genetic variability sampling for the construction of germplasm banks and breeding programs
Among the 46 microsatellite markers used in this study, only seven (Table 1) were reproducible and polymorphic between an initial sample of genotypes: five markers described for A. aculeata (Nucci et al, 2008), one marker described for A. sciophilum (Girod et al, 2009) and one marker described for B. gasipaes (Rodrigues et al, 2004)

Summary

Introduction

The macaw palm (Acrocomia Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.: Arecaceae) is an arborescent, tropical, perennial and typically Brazilian palm. Ex Mart.: Arecaceae) is an arborescent, tropical, perennial and typically Brazilian palm. It presents a wide geographical distribution, being found from Paraná State in Brazil to Central America and the south of the United States. This palm tree has a single straight trunk (stipe) that can reach 20 meters, and presents a high incidence of dark thorns, especially in the node region (characteristic of the genera). The species has areas of open vegetation with high solar incidence as its most common habitat, and it is recognized as a soil fertility indicator. Its role as a colonizer of deforested areas is significant, being commonly found in pasture areas (Scariot et al, 1991)

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