Abstract
Hungary is one of the largest common carp-production countries in Europe and now, there is a large number of local breeds and strains in the country. For proper maintenance of the animal genetic resources, information on their genetic diversity and structure is essential. At present, few data are available on the genetic purity and variability of the Hungarian common carp. In this study, we genetically analyzed 13 strains in Hungary and, in addition, the Amur wild carp, using 12 microsatellite markers. A total of 117 unique alleles were detected in 630 individuals. Low levels of genetic differentiation (Fst and Cavalli–Sforza and Edwards distance) were estimated among strains. The AMOVA showed the low but significant level of genetic differentiation among strains (3.79%). Bayesian clustering analysis using STRUCTURE classified the strains into 14 different clusters. The assignment test showed that 93.64% of the individuals could be assigned correctly into their original strain. Overall, our findings can be contributed to complementing scientific knowledge for conservation and management of threatened strains of common carp.
Highlights
Nowadays many fish species and subspecies are endangered mainly due to habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change [1,2]
It is emphasized that the number of used loci and their traits can be strongly affect estimates of is emphasized thestudy, number used loci the andgenetic their traits can beofstrongly affect estimates of genetic Itparameters
All strains in at least one locus in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which is supported by previous studies differed at least one locus in Hardy–Weinberg which alsoHWE
Summary
Nowadays many fish species and subspecies are endangered mainly due to habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change [1,2]. As a result of highly effective selection programs and robust environmental changes, the risk of losing valuable genetic materials such as old varieties of a certain species, e.g., common carp strains, has increased [3]. Genetic diversity within populations is the basis of their ability to adapt to the changing environment. Genes 2020, 11, 1268 production environments (e.g., intensive fish farming) endangers traditional strains with valuable genetic background. Obtaining detailed information on genetic diversity and structure within and among populations is crucial for establishing genetic-based conservation efforts for threatened species and subspecies [5], in the case of common carp especially for the effective management and conservation of genetic resources of locally adapted varieties
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