Abstract
Olive and olive oil have a prominent place in the cultures of the countries within the Mediterranean basin including Turkey. The genetic relationships among 30 olive (Olea europaea L.) genotypes sampled from Gaziantep province in Turkey were examined using 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (DCA9, DCA11, DCA15, DCA18UDO4, UDO9, UDO11, UDO12, UDO22, UDO24). Also, three well known Turkish and one foreign olive cultivar were also included within the SSR analysis. The number of alleles per locus of the SSR markers ranged from 5 (DCA15, UDO9) to 14 (DCA9) (average 7.9), for a total of 79 alleles. Similarity coefficients were calculated on the basis of 79 amplified bands. A dendrogram was created according to the 10 SSR markers by the unweighted pair-group method. The banding patterns obtained from the SSR primers allowed all of the genotypes/cultivars to be distinguished. According to the dendrogram, the 33 olive genotypes and cultivars were clustered into five main clusters. The most closely related genotypes were 'Oguzeli 3' and 'Yavuzeli 1' with 0.80 similarity ratio. The most genetically divergent cultivars were 'Yavuzeli 6' and 'Kilis Yaglik' (0.30), 'Yavuzeli 6' and 'Saurani' (0.20), 'Nizip 7' and 'Yavuzeli 4' (0.15), 'Islahiye 5' and 'Nizip Yaglik' (0.10). In conclusion, SSR analysis can be an efficient method for olive genotypes and cultivar identification and can offer valuable informative data to identify olive genotypes and cultivars grown in Turkey.
Highlights
The Mediterranean basin has very suitable environmental conditions for olive (Olea europaea L.) growing and the Mediterranean basin countries accounted for approximately 97% of the world’s olive production currently accounting more than 800 million of olive trees (FAO, 2014)
Leaf samples of all thirty olive genotypes and the four cultivars used in the hereby study were collected in Turkey and a total of thirty-four olive genotypes were included in simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis
The maximum alleles were observed at the loci of DCA9 as 14, while the lowest number of alleles was observed at the loci of DCA15 and UDO9 as 5, respectively
Summary
The Mediterranean basin has very suitable environmental conditions for olive (Olea europaea L.) growing and the Mediterranean basin countries accounted for approximately 97% of the world’s olive production currently accounting more than 800 million of olive trees (FAO, 2014). The olive is one of the most widely cultivated and economically important fruit crop for several Mediterranean countries, mainly for Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Portugal (Ercisli et al, 2011). Sylvestris in the Mediterranean region and were spread throughout the world (Sesli and Yegenoglu, 2010). This crop is having an increasing economic interest beyond Mediterranean basin countries, such as Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, South Africa and USA. The olive tree has been naturalized in several regions of America, where it is used for the olive industry
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