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Abstract
Turnip, one of the oldest groups of cultivated Brassica rapa species, is a traditional crop as well as a form of animal fodder, a vegetable, and a herbal medicine that is widely cultivated in farming and farming-pastoral regions in Tibet. Different regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) are home to a rich diversity of turnip owing to their high altitudes and variable climate types. However, information on the morphology and genetic diversity of Tibetan turnip remains limited. Therefore, the genetic diversity of 171 turnip varieties from China and elsewhere (Japan, Korea, and Europe) was analyzed using 58 morphological characteristics and 31 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in this study. The varieties showed that the genetic distance ranged from 0.12 to 1.00, and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged between 0.73 and 0.95. Cluster tree showed two distinct clusters. Both morphotype and geography contributed to the group classification. A combination of morphological traits and molecular markers could refine the precision of accurate identification compared to the separate morphological and molecular data analyses. The sampling ratio of 15% to utmost precisely represent the initial population was compared to ratios of 10% and 20%, and the sampling ratio of 15% is recommended for future works when a primary core collection of turnip resources is constructed. These results could furnish a foundation for germplasm conservation and effective turnip breeding in future studies.
Highlights
Tibetan turnips showed a higher diversity than the whole population, which was revealed in the larger value of H of morphological traits, especially the quantitative traits
The cophenetic correlation values showed a higher-quality clustering when a combined data of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were analyzed. These results indicated that the SSR markers and morphological traits were unable to replace each other solely to identify the distinctness of turnip varieties, but a combination of morphological traits and molecular markers could improve the precision of accurate identification compared to the separate morphological and molecular data analyses [17]
Tibetan turnips feature high genetic diversity, and they could be clustered into two subgroups based on morphological traits and SSR markers
Summary
Rapifera Matzg), belonging to the Brassica genus, has been an important global crop for centuries, first being cultivated in China in 2500 B.C. B. campestris L. ssp. In the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, turnip is called “Niuma” and is widely used as a vegetable, fodder, oilseed, traditional Tibetan medicine, and as raw material in butter lamps [3,4]. It is considered an ideal cash crop for cold areas at high altitudes area due to its relatively short growth period and its high resistance to barren conditions, and cold climates
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