Genetic diversity and population structure of endangered rosewood from the Peruvian Amazon using ISSR markers

Juan Carlos Castro GÓMEZ,Stalin Juan Vasquez GUIZADO,Jhon Antoni Vargas SANTILLAN,Ephrem HABYARIMANA,Muhammad Azhar NADEEM,Faheem Shehzad BALOCH,Tedi Pacheco GÓMEZ,Esperanza Torres CANALES,Muzaffer BARUT,Fawad ALI,Gyuhwa CHUNG

doi:10.1590/1809-4392201902203

Abstract

ABSTRACT Rosewood, Aniba rosaeodora is an endangered species in Amazon forests and its natural stands have been heavily depleted due to over-exploitation for the cosmetic industry. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 rosewood accessions from eight localities in the Peruvian Amazon through 11 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers. The ISSR primers produced a sum of 378 bands, of which 375 (99.2%) were polymorphic, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.774. The mean effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon informative index (I), gene diversity (He) and total gene diversity (Ht) were 1.485, 0.294, 0.453 and 0.252, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the presence of maximum variability within populations (88%). The Structure algorithm, neighbor joining and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped the 90 rosewood accessions into three main populations (A, B and C). Diversity indices at the inter-population level revealed a greater genetic diversity in population A, due to higher gene flow. The neighbor-joining analysis grouped populations A and B, while population C was found to be divergent at the inter population level. We concluded that population A reflects higher genetic diversity and should be prioritized for future management and conservation plans.

Highlights

The first global assessment of plant extinction risk indicated that every fifth plant species in the world is threatened with extinction (Ibrahim et al 2013)
We found a higher polymorphism information content (PIC) value than that reported by Ebrahimi et al (2016) in Persian walnut, Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) germplasm and by Zhu et al (2016)African, and Asian countries using SSR markers”,”container-title”:”Tree Genetics & Genomes”,”page”:”114”,”volume”:”12”,”issue”:”6”,”source ”:”Springer Link”,”abstract”:”Persian walnut (Juglans regia L. in Lindera glauca (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume (Lauraceae) using SSR markers
We found a higher number of effective alleles that reported for three other Lauraceae species using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers (Zhang et al 2012)

Summary

Introduction

The first global assessment of plant extinction risk indicated that every fifth plant species in the world is threatened with extinction (Ibrahim et al 2013). Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae) has 2n = 24 chromosomes (Contim et al 2005), and is distributed in the Amazon region of Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela (Maia and Mourão 2016). The species is known for its essential oil, which is mainly characterized by a high content of linalool in the leaves and branches (74.4 - 81.8%) (Pimentel et al 2018) and in the trunk wood (~ 100%) (Chantraine et al 2009). Rosewood essential oil was extracted at a large scale from 1875 to 1975 in French Guiana, and trees were felled in such proportions that natural populations were significantly depleted (Bruleaux 1989). Export of rosewood essential oil has undergone a significant decline since 2001, and French Guiana banned the felling of this tree. Rosewood is included as an endangered species in the database of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Salazar 2011)

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