Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Variation of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens from Different Rice Cultivars.

Abstract

Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, has become one of the most devastating grain diseases of rice worldwide. Understanding the genetic diversity of U. virens is essential for efficient disease control and breeding for disease resistance. However, little is known about the genetic variation of U. virens from different rice cultivars. We investigated the genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of U. virens isolates from ten rice cultivars in Zhejiang, China. A total of 260 polymorphic loci and 27 haplotypes were identified based on the 2137-bp combined DNA fragments of all individuals; hap_4 was the most common haplotype, represented by 41 isolates. Phylogeny indicated that all isolates were divided into four genetic groups. Group I was the largest, with 98 isolates, distributed mainly in eight cultivar populations, whereas 90% of the isolates collected from a Changxiang cultivar were clustered in Group Ⅳ. Furthermore, the pairwise FST values exhibited significant genetic differentiation in 27 of the pairwise comparisons between populations, accounting for 23.21% of the total genetic variation. The genetic composition of the isolates of the CX population was distinguishable from that of the other nine populations, and genetic recombination was found in a few isolates. Finally, 27 haplotype representative isolates showed high variation in pathogenicity, and the isolates from the genetic subpopulation Ⅰ were likely to be more virulent than those from genetic subpopulations Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Collectively, these findings suggest that differences in rice cultivars play an important role in the genetic variation of U. virens.