Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine molecular typing and comparison analysis of 24 Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the diseased fish with hemorrhagic septicemia in freshwater ponds and cage in Mosul and Duhok cities, Iraq. A total of 24 A. hydrophila isolates that were collected from various fish ponds and cage, were used in this study. Identification of isolates was made by the standard microbiological and molecular methods. ERIC-PCR was done with different primers to establish the genetic relationship between strains. ERIC-PCR typing showed that 24 strains of A. hydrophila were classified into 11 ERIC types (genotypes). Genotypes 9 and 7 represented the most prevalent clone. All A. hydrophila strains that were isolated from the same fish were genetically diverse. There was minimal genetic similarity between some strains which were retrieved from the same geographical source area. Also, some isolates from different geographic source area were showed a 100% genetically similar. Aeromonas hydrophila was genotypically heterogeneous and clonally dispersed among different fish ponds and cage in Mosul and Duhok cities, Iraq. Besides, one fish can be infected with more than one strains of A. hydrophila.
Highlights
Every aquatic ecosystem has had aeromonads, including chlorinated drinking water, untreated sewage, groundwater and contaminated and unpolluted rivers [1,2]
All A. hydrophila strains that were isolated from the same fish were genetically diverse
According to the ERIC-PCR fingerprinting analysis (Figures 1 and 2) and depending on the differences in the number and size of ERIC sequences found in each isolate, the results showed that the similarity among A. hydrophila isolates was between 57-100% and all isolates were grouped in to11 genotypes [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] according to 90% cut off similarity coefficient, in which genotypes 9 and 7 represented the most prevalent clone and its variants among the isolates comprising 11/24; 45.8% of total isolates
Summary
Every aquatic ecosystem has had aeromonads, including chlorinated drinking water, untreated sewage, groundwater and contaminated and unpolluted rivers [1,2]. The development of so-called bacterial source-tracking methods, tools to assign host source to environmental isolates of A. hydophila has been of significant interest [6] For these reasons, molecular epidemiology is necessary for controlling the spread of A. hydrophila between fish ponds [7]. Several studies have commonly used molecular typing methods for clinical and environmental Aeromonas strains as an epidemiological investigation [7,8,9]. These include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), and Enterbacterial repeated intergenic consensusPCR (ERIC-PCR) [4,10,11,12]. This study was intended to investigate the genetic diversity and clonal relatedness of A. hydrophila strains isolated from diseased carps showing signs of hemorrhagic septicemia from different carp ponds and cage around Mosul and Duhok cities, Iraq
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