Genetic Diversity Among Endangered Pony Breeds in India: Need for Conservation

Abstract

Demand of equines throughout the world has decreased during the last few decades mainly due to their lesser work utility. In India also, population of horse and pony breeds has also decreased continuously from 1.50 million to 6.10 million during the last five decade (Livestock Census 2007) which has placed all the four registered pony breeds, namely Zanskari, Spiti, Manipuri and Bhutia into endangered breed category [1]. Animals of each breed are available in small number in different pockets throughout their home tracts. Manipuri pony is believed to be the oldest pony breed in world to be used as “Polo Pony” and at present, its total population in its home tract is around 400 to 1218 only. Exact population of true to breed animals of this breed is not yet clear due to lack of proper breed recording system. Same is the fate of other pony breeds namely Zanskari, Bhutia and Spiti In their home tracts. These pony breeds have acquired some unique characteristics which have enabled them to adopt themselves in the harsh climate and difficult terrains in their home tracts. These ponies are known for their sturdiness, stamina, speed on hilly and difficult terrains, high disease resistance, surefooted animals, and used mainly for riding and as pack animals in cold hilly regions. Zanskari pony is considered the hardiest amongst all the pony breeds and can work in the extremes of altitude and temperature. In view of their unique characteristics, it is an important issue for conservation biologists to conserve these breeds as future requirements of these breeds is not known.