Genetic divergence of native palms of Oenocarpus distichus considering biometric fruit variables

Gleidson Guilherme Caldas Mendes,José Cola Zanuncio,Thales Guilherme Vaz Martins,Andrei Caíque Pires Nunes,Rayanne Savina Alencar Sobrinho,Renato Domiciano Silva Rosado,Wellington Souto Ribeiro,Mônica Trindade Abreu De Gusmão

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41507-4

Gleidson Guilherme Caldas Mendes, José Cola Zanuncio + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41507-4

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Abstract

Oenocarpus distichus presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed in natura. Germplasm conservation and genetic improvement depend on genetic divergence studies. The objective was to quantify genetic divergence in a native population of O. distichus genotypes based on fruit biometrics. The fruit length and width, fruit mass, pulp and seed, pulp and almond thickness, and pulp yield per fruit were evaluated. All fruit biometric characteristics of O. distichus palms show genetic variability. Genetic variations among genotypes are essential for predicting heredity and heterosis, which are essential for improving O. distichus production. Pulp yield and seed mass were negatively correlated. Almond thickness and pulp, seed mass and transverse diameter were positively correlated. Genetic distances between pair of genotypes ranged from 0.07 to 48.10 with three genetically distinct groups. The seed mass, almond thickness and transverse diameter contributed to genetic divergence. Heritability estimates the genetic control that can be obtained from O. distichus germplasm. Correlations between the variable pair reduce the evaluation effort and the resources to measure the genotype allocations in heterogeneous groups presenting high genetic variability. This makes it possible to select individuals for hybridization programs with F1 generation gains. Correlation and relative contribution networks, based on relationships graphical between fruit biometric characteristics, allow the variables selection with less effort and fewer measurements. O. distichus fruit biometric characters are efficient to quantify genetic divergence between genotypes.

Highlights

Oenocarpus distichus presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed in natura
The mean values of biometric characteristics of O. distichus fruits and Scott-Knott test at 5% probability are given in supplementary information
The eigenvectors, associated with the last two eigenvalues destacados, indicated that the fruit mass (FM) and pulp mass (PM) characteristics are responsible for multicollinearity

Summary

Introduction

Oenocarpus distichus presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed in natura. Correlations between the variable pair reduce the evaluation effort and the resources to measure the genotype allocations in heterogeneous groups presenting high genetic variability. This makes it possible to select individuals for hybridization programs with F1 generation gains. Oenocarpus distichus ( known as bacaba-de-leque) has high potential in the palm and processed pulp markets, including its use in the production of “bacaba wine”, a nutritious energy drink with commercial potential similar to that of Euterpe oleracea Mart.[5]. Oenocarpus distichus phytochemicals have phenolic compounds correlated with antioxidant capacity[2,6,7] and vitamin E, riboflavin, insoluble fiber, energy, and minerals, especially potassium and calcium[8]

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