Abstract
Background: Periosteum-mediated bone regeneration (PMBR) is a known mandibular reconstruction. Though poorly understood and unpredictable, the concerns of developmental changes to donor and recipient tissues shared by other treatment options appear nonexistent. The definitive role of the periosteum during bone regeneration in any mammal remains poorly understood.
 Objective: To characterise genetic determinants of PMBR in mammals through a systematic review.
 Methods: Our search methodology was modeled after the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality assessment of each publication was undertaken and the differences in gene expression at time points in weeks 1 and 2 were appraised
 Results: A total of 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. The study subjects and tissues studied were 3 rat calvaria and 1 calf calvaria transplanted on mice. One out of the 4 studies had a quality score of the requisite ≥3. The gene expression results showed an upregulation of genes responsible for angiogenesis, cytokine activities, and immune-inflammatory response in week-1, and skeletal development and signaling pathways, in week-2
 Conclusion: The results suggest that skeletal morphogenesis regulated by skeletal developmental genes and pathways may characterise the gene expression patterns of PMBR
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