Genetic control of plant height in corn lines in diallel crosses

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of corn hybrids cultivated in diallelic crosses (p(p+1)/2) according to the trait “plant height”. The experiment included 11 self-pollinated lines (method 2, model 1) and 55 hybrids. As a result of the research, the height of plants in parental lines and F1 hybrids was determined (a total of 3960 measurements were made), the effects of TCA and SCA dispersion, the level of heterosis were calculated, and the genetic components that control the manifestations of the studied trait were determined. The highest plant heights were in the lines SPK 13, SPK 14, SPK 17, SPK 21. Relatively high group average values of plant heights of hybrids were found with the lines SPK 14, SPK 18, SPK 17, SPK 16. A high effect of TCA and a high dispersion of SCA were determined in the line SPK 14. High effects of SCA were detected in combinations with the lines SPK 14, SPK 12, SPK 16. True heterosis of more than 20% was determined in 45 hybrids in 2017 and in 9 hybrids in 2018. Adequacy of the additive-dominant model in 2017. obtained by excluding the lines SPK 13, SPK 14, SPK 15, SPK 17 from the calculations. In 2018, the non-allelic effect of genes was not determined. The experiment established that control of plant height in the model population was carried out by at least 5 genes or groups of genes in 2017 and 9 genes in 2018.