Abstract
Key messageUsing DArT analysis, we demonstrated that allSolanum × michoacanum(+)S.tuberosumsomatic hybrids contained all parental chromosomes. However, from 13.9 to 29.6 % of the markers from both parents were lost in the hybrids.Somatic hybrids are an interesting material for research of nucleus-cytoplasm interaction and sources of new nuclear and cytoplasmic combinations. Analyses of genomes of somatic hybrids are essential for studies on genome compatibility between species, its evolution and are important for their efficient exploitation. Diversity array technology (DArT) permits analysis of the composition of nuclear DNA of somatic hybrids. The nuclear genome compositions of 97 Solanum × michoacanum (+) S. tuberosum [mch (+) tbr] somatic hybrids from five fusion combinations and 11 autofused 4xmch were analyzed for the first time based on DArT markers. Out of 5358 DArT markers generated in a single assay, greater than 2000 markers were polymorphic between parents, of which more than 1500 have a known chromosomal location on potato genetic or physical map. DArT markers were distributed along the entire length of 12 chromosomes. We noticed elimination of markers of wild and tbr fusion components. The nuclear genome of individual somatic hybrids was diversified. Mch is a source of resistance to Phytophthora infestans. From 97 mch (+) tbr somatic hybrids, two hybrids and all 11 autofused 4x mch were resistant to P. infestans. The analysis of the structure of particular hybrids’ chromosomes indicated the presence of markers from both parental genomes as well as missing markers spread along the full length of the chromosome. Markers specific to chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA were used for analysis of changes within the organellar genomes of somatic hybrids. Random and non-random segregations of organellar DNA were noted.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00299-016-1966-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
A significant number of somatic hybrids of various plant species have been obtained to produce novel, intergeneric and intrageneric hybrids with new nuclear and cytoplasmic compositions, and to transfer important genes into breeding gene pools (Orczyk et al 2003; Tiwari et al 2010)
Primary data of all polymorphic Diversity array technology (DArT) markers specific to mch and tbr parental genomes revealed that the majority of the markers were preserved in 97 somatic hybrid genomes; portions of both mch and tbr markers were present in parental forms, but absent in somatic hybrids genomes in every fusion combination
This study demonstrated for the first time that DArT markers linked with available DArT genetic maps and a physical map of potato were useful method to assess the
Summary
A significant number of somatic hybrids of various plant species have been obtained to produce novel, intergeneric and intrageneric hybrids with new nuclear and cytoplasmic compositions, and to transfer important genes into breeding gene pools (Orczyk et al 2003; Tiwari et al 2010). Somatic hybrids resistant to P. infestans were previously obtained between Solanum tuberosum (tbr) and several wild potato species (Orczyk et al 2003; Smyda et al 2013; Chandel et al 2015) Of this group, only few hybrids between tbr and Solanum bulbocastanum (Helgeson et al 1998), Solanum nigrum (Horsman et al 2001), Solanum tarnii (Thieme et al 2008), Solanum commersonii (Carputo et al 2000), and Solanum cardiophyllum (Thieme et al 2010) were subsequently backcrossed sexually to potato cultivars and exploited in potato breeding programs. Low number of hybrids suitable for an application in the breeding process have been caused by the low frequency of somatic hybrids maintaining resistance of the donor component, their reduced fertility, crossing incapability or poor tuber performance (Orczyk et al 2003; Szczerbakowa et al 2010)
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