Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize HIV-1 genotypes and antiretroviral resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Jiaxing, China. The HIV-1 partial polymerase (pol) genes in 93 of the 99 plasma samples were successfully amplified and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five HIV-1 genotypes, of which the most prevalent genotype was CRF01_AE (38.7%), followed by CRF07_BC (34.4%), CRF08_BC (16.1%), subtype B/B’ (5.4%), and CRF55_01B (2.1%). Besides, three types of unique recombination forms (URFs) were also observed, including C/F2/A1, CRF01_AE/B, and CRF08_BC/CRF07_BC. Among 93 amplicons, 46.2% had drug resistance-associated mutations, including 23.7% for protease inhibitors (PIs) mutations, 1.1% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) mutations, and 20.4% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) mutations. Six (6.5%) out of 93 treatment-naive subjects were identified to be resistant to one or more NNRTIs, while resistance to NRTIs or PIs was not observed. Our study showed the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in Jiaxing and a relative high proportion of antiretroviral resistance mutations among treatment-naive patients, indicating a serious challenge for HIV prevention and treatment program.
Highlights
HIV-1 remains a global public health problem of unprecedented dimensions
Our study showed the genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in Jiaxing and a relative high proportion of antiretroviral resistance mutations among treatment-naive patients, indicating a serious challenge for HIV prevention and treatment program
Subtypes and many circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) have been reported in Africa [5]; The Middle East is mainly affected by subtype B and various CRFs; In India and Ethiopia the epidemics are nearly caused by subtype C
Summary
HIV-1 remains a global public health problem of unprecedented dimensions. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), there were 36.7 million (34.0 million-39.8 million) people living with HIV in 2015 [1]. The group M, responsible for the global HIV pandemic, has been further divided into nine subtypes (A-D, F-H, J and K) and 79 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) to date HIV drug resistance has already been observed among treatment-naive patients in China [8,9,10]. These reports merit attention that the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance may compromise the effect of current therapeutic regimens potentially or directly and stress the urgent need to intensify the routine implementation of HIV drug resistance surveys. Little is known on molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Jiaxing, our group examined genetic characteristics and antiretroviral resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-1 infected patients living in the city
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