Abstract
Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production, especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins. The utility of diverse reproduction strategies in fish, such as the exploiting use of unisexual gynogenesis, has created a typical case of fish genetic breeding. A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size, and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes. Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques, the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered, and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes. This review summarizes the progress to provide some directive and objective thinking for further research in this field.
Highlights
Aquaculture has made an enormous contribution to the world food production, especially to the sustainable supply of animal proteins
A number of fish species show substantial sexual dimorphism that is closely linked to multiple economic traits including growth rate and body size, and the efficient development of sex-linked genetic markers and sex control biotechnologies has provided significant approaches to increase the production and value for commercial purposes
Along with the rapid development of genomics and molecular genetic techniques, the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism has been gradually deciphered, and great progress has been made in the mechanisms of fish sex determination and identification of sex-determining genes
Summary
Fish is the most abundant and successful group of vertebrates in the world, with about 32,700 documented species (www.fishbase.org). As primitive vertebrates, their reproduction strategies have evolved high particularities and abundant diversities to adapt to water environment change in the habitat [14]. 1.2 Discovery of multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction and the genetic breeding application in polyploid gibel carp. Carassius auratus gibelio, because of the existence of a minor but significant portion of males in natural populations and the discovery of multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction in some gynogenetic clones [23], has been noted extensively [12,24]. Owing to the significant growth superiority and better resistance to myxosporean pathogen parasitized in the liver [41,42], the novel clone variety, as nominated “CAS III”, has been cultured throughout China
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