Genetic and physiological variation in two strains of Japanese quail

Nashat Saeid Ibrahim,Mohammed Ahmed El-Sayed,Heba Abdelwahab Mahmoud Assi,Ahmed Enab,Abdel-Moneim Eid Abdel-Moneim

doi:10.1186/s43141-020-00100-3

Abstract

BackgroundDetecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies. Consequently, two estimations were performed on two Japanese quail strains: gray quail strain (GJQS) and white jumbo quail strain (WJQS). The first estimation was conducted on carcass characteristics, breast muscles, breast concentration of collagen type I, and body measurements. In contrast, blood samples were collected for the second estimation for genomic DNA extraction and genetic analysis. ResultsA total of 62 alleles out of 97 specific alleles (63.92%) were detected overall loci (14 microsatellite loci) for the two strains. A total of 27 specific alleles of WJQS were observed, and 35 were obtained for GJQS. The percentage of similarity was 48.09% ranged from 4.35 with UBC001 to 100% with GUJ0051. WJQS had greater body weights and a higher value of pectoral muscle and supracoracoideus muscle than GJQS. The breast muscles of GJQS exhibited a higher concentration of type I collagen than the WJQS. Furthermore, males showed higher concentrations of collagen type I than females. WJQS showed a higher body length, chest girth, chest length, thigh length, thigh girth, drumstick length, and drumstick girth (cm) than GJQS. WJQS showed more significant differences in carcass traits compared with GJQS. ConclusionThe physiological differences between WJQS and GJQS were ascertained with microsatellite markers, which indicated high polymorphism between these strains. These observations provided a scientific basis for evaluating and utilizing the genetic resources of WJQS and GJQS in a future genetic improvement program.

Highlights

Detecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies
The white jumbo quail strain (WJQS) showed a higher value in body length, chest girth, chest length, thigh length, thigh girth, drumstick length, and drumstick girth than GJQS
The relative weight of carcass yield, dressing, liver, heart, proventriculus, and spleen except intestine and gizzard were significantly higher in WJQS than GJQS

Summary

Introduction

Detecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies. Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is currently the smallest poultry species reared primarily for meat and egg production [1] It has unique characteristics, including rapid growth, quick life cycle, disease resistance, early sexual maturity, high rate of lay, and lower feed consumption [2, 3]. The purpose of this study was to characterize and detect the genetic and physiological variations in two strains of Japanese quails (gray quail strain (GJQS) and white jumbo quail strain (WJQS)) and to determine the molecular description for these strains by physiological measurements and molecular genetics, and lastly to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies

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