Abstract
BackgroundNorovirus (NoV) is recognized as a highly contagious enteric pathogen of mammals, and bovine norovirus (BNoV) is associated with calf diarrhoea and has caused great economic losses in the cattle industry.ResultsHere, we describe a case of emerging calf diarrhoea on a cattle farm in Henan Province, Central China. BNoV was the only enteric pathogen detected in outbreaks according to tests for enteric viruses, bacteria and parasites. The complete genome of the newly identified strain CH-HNSC-2018 was successfully sequenced and found to be 7342 nucleotides in length. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CH-HNSC-2018 belongs to GIII.2 BNoV. Further analysis of the major capsid protein demonstrated that it is separated by specific genetic distances from previous BNoV strains identified in China and has 4 new amino acid (aa) mutations, 134A, 327 T, 380 L and 423A, in the VP1 protein and 11 aa substitutions in the hypervariable P2 subdomain, suggesting that the BNoV strains circulating in China are diverse.ConclusionsThis is the first detection of GIII.2 BNoV in the VP1 region in China. This report should form a basis for further molecular studies on NoV and bovine enteric viruses in China.
Highlights
Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a highly contagious enteric pathogen of mammals, and bovine norovirus (BNoV) is associated with calf diarrhoea and has caused great economic losses in the cattle industry
The diarrhoeal faecal samples were positive for BNoV (2/8, 25%), whereas no other viruses were detected, including Bovine rotavirus (BRV) (A, B, C), Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Bovine kobuvirus (BKV), Bovine astrovirus (BAstV), BNebV, or Bovine torovirus (BToV)
The samples were further cultured in MDBK cells to isolate the causative agent; no cytopathic effect was observed, and no BNoV nucleic acids were detected in the fifth blind passage
Summary
Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a highly contagious enteric pathogen of mammals, and bovine norovirus (BNoV) is associated with calf diarrhoea and has caused great economic losses in the cattle industry. A dual nomenclature system was established to characterize the genomic properties of BNoV strains based on the sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RdRp (end of ORF1) and major capsid protein (beginning of ORF2). Based on this novel nomenclature system, BNoV GIII is reclassified into GIII.P1_GIII. (which contains polymerase and VP1 genes from the Jena strain), GIII.P2_GIII. (which contains polymerase and VP1 genes from the Newbury strain), GIII.P1_GIII. (which contains a polymerase gene from the Jena strain and a VP1 from the Newbury (recombinant) strain, e.g., the Bo/Thirsk10/00/UK strain), and GIII.P2_GIII. (which contains a polymerase gene from the Newbury strain and a VP1 gene from the Jena (recombinant) strain, e.g., the B-1SVD/03/US strain) [4]. Some studies have employed ORF3 to characterize the phylogenetic
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
