Abstract
The phenotypic and genetic relationships among five Pinus sylvestris populations in the western part of the Carpathian Mountains were analyzed based on seven morphological needle traits and 67 loci using 10 RAPD primers. Three of the studied populations were on the western side (Macelowa Gora, Czubatka, Łazowa Skalka) and two were located in the central part (Sokolica, Zamkowa Gora) of the Pieniny National Park. The examined populations had short needles, which is characteristic for mountain habitats of the Scots pine. The populations from the Pieniny Mts. had fewer rows of stomata on both sides of the needles than others studied stands of Eurosiberian Scots pine. The number of stomata on both flat and convex sides of the needles was similar to the values observed for populations growing on the nearby Tatra Mountains. Moreover, when these two traits are considered, the populations from Sokolica and Łazowa Skalka share the highest degree of similarity.. Nei’s genetic distances and genetic identities between the populations were calculated on the basis of RAPD loci. The results show that the lowest Nei’s distance exists between the populations from the western part of the Pieniny Mts. – Macelowa Gora and Czubatka, and its central part – Sokolica and Zamkowa Gora, with the highest values recorded between the populations of Zamkowa Gora and Czubatka, and Łazowa Skalka and Czubatka. A similar pattern of phenotypic and genetic relations that was observed between the populations in both regions of the Pieniny Mountains could be the result of planting-seed material sourced from the central Pieniny Mts. in the area of western Pieniny Mts. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS170525045U Received: May 25, 2017; Revised: October 23, 2017; Accepted: October 23, 2017; Published online: November 27, 2017 How to cite this article: Urbaniak L, Lesiczka P, Gąsiorowska E, Pawlaczyk EM, Androsiuk P, Lewandowska-Wosik A, Voncina G. Genetic and phenotypic relationships among Pinus sylvestris populations in the Pieniny National Park. Arch Biol Sci. 2018;70(2):289-97.
Highlights
When examining the differentiation of a species such as Pinus sylvestris, it is necessary to take into consideration the impact of three basic factors: history, the geographic range of distribution and human influence [1,2,3,4]
The P. sylvestris population from Łazowa Skałka is distinguished by three morphological traits: the number of stomata per 2 mm on the flat sides of the needles, the number of serrations per 2 mm needle-length on the right-hand edges, and trait 7, the number of serrations per 2 mm needle-length on the left-hand edges
The interest in P. sylvestris populations found in the Pieniny Mts. is due to their relict character
Summary
When examining the differentiation of a species such as Pinus sylvestris, it is necessary to take into consideration the impact of three basic factors: history, the geographic range of distribution and human influence [1,2,3,4]. The continuous geographical range of the Scots pine stretches over the European lowlands and central parts of Siberia up to isolated populations near the Okhotsk Sea [5]. Around this giant area there are numerous isolated stands, such as those in the Carpathians, which include the Pieniny Mountains. Many elements of Scots pine morphology and anatomy are subject to environmental modification, Among all of the forests in the Pieniny National Park, which occupy ca. The Scots pine in the Pieniny National Park is found in small populations that cover the peaks of numerous mountain ridges and rocks.
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