Abstract
The world-wide demand for additional protein sources for human nutrition and animal feed keeps rising due to rapidly growing world population. Oilseed rape is a second important oil producing crop and the by-product of the oil production is a protein rich meal. The protein in rapeseed meal finds its application in animal feed and various industrial purposes, but its improvement is of great interest, especially for non-ruminants and poultry feed. To be able to manipulate the quality and quantity of seed protein in oilseed rape, understanding genetic architecture of seed storage protein (SSPs) synthesis and accumulation in this crop species is of great interest. For this, application of modern molecular breeding tools such as whole genome sequencing, genotyping, association mapping, and genome editing methods implemented in oilseed rape seed protein improvement would be of great interest. This review examines current knowledge and opportunities to manipulate of SSPs in oilseed rape to improve its quality, quantity and digestibility.
Highlights
It has been estimated that the world global food demand will more than double by 2050, mainly due to the rapidly growing world population, increasing urbanization and changes in food preferences
As the quantity of seed protein is highly interconnected with oil content, enhanced protein content should not affect the level of the primary desired seed oil
Future prospects of improvement of oilseed rape as a protein crop would be integration of recent advances in genomic studies and bioinformatics methods to identify key genes regulating quantity of seed protein and its amino acids composition to implement them as molecular markers into marker assisted breeding
Summary
It has been estimated that the world global food demand will more than double by 2050, mainly due to the rapidly growing world population, increasing urbanization and changes in food preferences. There is a great interest to improve oilseed rape meal for human consumption It would mean elevating the content of proteins in the seeds and manipulating the ratio of napins/cruciferins in the composition of the proteins within B. napus seeds. We will summarize recent advances in genomic studies related to seed protein content in B. napus and show the prospects to improve the quality and quantity of protein in this crop species for animal feed, human consumption and industrial purposes. Napin in B. napus is encoded by multi-gene families (Josefsson et al, 1987; Scofield and Crouch, 1987; Baszczynski and Fallis, 1990; Sjodahl et al, 1991) and in order to manipulate the composition of SSPs in oilseed rape to a more desirable level of napin, genetic engineering studies have been performed in this crop species (Altenbach et al, 1992; Hannoufa et al, 2014). Despite the genetic engineering studies, genomic studies are desired to identify key genes regulating napin content in the SSPs of oilseed rape in order to introduce that genetic variation into the modern, double low varieties of oilseed rape
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