Abstract

• Genetic maps include a wide range of markers involving morphological traits, chromosome landmarks, disease-resistance genes, biochemical defects, enzyme and protein characters, and different classes of DNA sequences. • Following the assignment of markers to chromosomes using chromosome aberrations, a genetic map is constructed by analyzing the progeny from crosses between distinguishable individuals and estimating recombination frequencies between the genetic loci. • Codominant markers are ideal for genetic mapping because the coupling or repulsion linkage phase of markers with dominant and recessive alleles becomes an additional variable. • Physical and genetic maps are colinear with respect to gene order, but major distortions occur in apparent distances between loci due to uneven levels of crossing over in different parts of the genome. • Bulked F2 segregant analyses and interval mapping can be used to analyze quantitative-trait loci (QTLs). • Genetic maps provide bases for human genetic counseling, and for plant and animal breeding programs.

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