Genetic and functional analyses describe a novel 730delG mutation in the KEL gene causing K0 phenotype in a Taiwanese blood donor

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular basis of the K0 phenotype of a Taiwanese blood donor found to have anti-Ku alloantibodies. With respect to Kell blood group antigens, almost all Taiwanese have the (K-, k+) phenotype. Alloantibody identification and KEL antigen typing were performed. Enzymatic function assays were carried out to detect the Kell glycoprotein on RBCs. The KEL genes were sequenced to detect genetic variation. To determine the origin of this novel allele, family studies were conducted. The alloantibody was identified as anti-Ku. The donor was typed K0 . The KEL gene-sequencing data revealed that this K0 donor is a compound heterozygote with two different null alleles. He bears a novel 730delG mutation in one allele. Family studies suggested that the donor inherited the 730delG mutation from his father. The endothelin-converting activity assay indicated that his RBCs had no functional Kell glycoprotein. Other family members who had only one null allele with the 730delG mutation had the phenotype (K-, k+). For blood transfusion safety, it is important to establish an effective screening algorithm to identify rare phenotypes, such as the K0 phenotype, and to establish a database of rare blood groups.