Genetic and epigenetic of pain perception

Abstract

Pain is the common reason why patient seeking for medical help. Recent studies, shows that there are various type of genes that have a role in pain perception. Genetic’s role include pain sensation Genome Wide Association Study, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, and epigenetic in pain modulation. Recent studies shows that epigenetic mechanism can alter the expression of pronSetyaociceptive or antinociceptive gene that useful in managing pain from now on. In genes there are one or more polymorphisms that effect the expression of the protein products that later affect the pain response. Ion Channel is a protein membrrane that transporting ion in and out of a cell. This ion channel can change depends on the genes that made the protein. Recent studies shown that there’s more than 450 ion channel genes. From all of those ion channels, voltage gated sodium channel (Nav) tend to be investigated more deeply because Nav is the most common and widely distributed in human cell. Changes on those channels can cause neuropathic pain. Small Fibre Neuropathy caused by defect of fiber myelinated A-delta and unmyelinated C. Substitution of a single aminoalkanoic acid in gene SCN9A, a gene that encoding for Na+ channel Nav1.7, can cause changes in channel Nav1.7. Study shows that Small Fibre Neuropathy lesion in gene SCN9A has decreased after surgical pain sensitivity in cohort patients. There’s two types of inherited traits of pain sensation which is Mendellian and Non-Mendellian. Mendellian Inherited Traits show a relation between gene and a specific pain sensation that in recent studies show mutation in Nav1.7 ion channel. However, the Non Mendellian Inherited Traits said that Catechol O Methyltrasnferase, Guanosin Trifosfat, Cyclo Hydrolase and Nav1.9 have a very important role in pain sensation. This gene mutation information can help the clinician to give a better treatment strategies for patients.