Abstract
The genus Pleurotus is one of the most widely cultivated and edible mushrooms with various cultivators. Three molecular characteristics were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 132 tested samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed five clades for tested samples of the genus Pleurotus by the combined ITS and LSU sequences with strong bootstraps and Bayesian posterior probability supports. A total of 94 polymorphic fragments ranging from 10 to 100 bp were observed by using an intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker. The DNA fragment pattern showed that P. ostreatus cultivator (strain P9) was clearly distinguished from wild strain based on their clear banding profiles produced. DNA GC content of the genus Pleurotus varied from 55.6 mol% to 43.3 mol%. Their chemical composition was also determined, including sugar, amino acid, polar lipid, mycolic acid, quinone, and fatty acid, which presented some high homogeneity. Most of the tested samples contained mycolic acid; glucose and arabinose as the main sugars; aspartic acid, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, and alanine as the main amino acids; and C16:0, C18:0, C18:2cis-9,12, anteiso-C14:0, and summed feature 8 as the main fatty acids. In addition, their polar lipid profiles were investigated for the first time, which significantly varied among Pleurotus species. The genus Pleurotus contained menaquinone-6 as the sole respiratory quinone, which showed a significant difference with that of its closely related genera. These results of this study demonstrated that the combined method above could efficiently differentiate each Pleurotus species and thus be considered an efficient tool for surveying the genetic diversity of the genus Pleurotus.
Highlights
The species of the genus Pleurotus are among the most cultivated and consumed edible mushrooms in the world [1]
About 100 parsimonious trees were produced by maximum parsimony analysis with retention index (RI) = 0:652, tree length (TL) = 1132, rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0:302, consistency index (CI) = 0:367, and homoplasy index (HI) = 0:632
The same topology was obtained by Bayesian analysis with an average standard deviation of split frequencies (0.009)
Summary
The species of the genus Pleurotus are among the most cultivated and consumed edible mushrooms in the world [1]. Several Pleurotus species can be grown commercially to high yields, such as Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii Their production has exceeded 15 million tons each year, which was ranked second following Lentinula edodes [2]. Chemical characteristics were provided as supplementary criteria to more accurately describe species, which are being given more and more attention [14] These approaches were used way before DNA-based methods and are mainly regarded as obsolete or less informative nowadays, yet not necessarily useless. All tested samples were investigated to analyze their genetic and chemical diversity and to compare the differences between them This information will promote the efficient identification of the genus Pleurotus
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