Abstract
Abstract This research aimed at performing the molecular characterization of commercial Papelillo avocado (Persea americana cv Lorena) cultivars from the municipality of Marsella (Risaralda, Colombia), as well as the physicochemical analysis and antioxidant activity assessment of the pulp and seed. An evaluation of 50 individuals among commercial varieties and possible patterns was performed using 17 microsatellite markers. Proximate analysis of the pulp was performed, and the fatty acid profile of oils, the antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP methods, and the total phenolic content were evaluated. From the cluster analysis, Dice index, and Principal Coordinates Analysis, it became evident that all the individuals showed a tendency to group by populations. In addition, the pulp revealed high fiber contents (4.96–20.64%) and moisture (80.75–82.96%); however, it showed low oil content (5.97–6.56%). The fatty acid found in the highest proportion in seed oil is linoleic acid and that in pulp oil is oleic acid. The antioxidant activity by the DPPH method for seed oil (87.87 to 91.04%) presented a greater inhibition concerning to the pulp oil (20.34% and 24.43%), this same trend was observed by the FRAP method. Concerning the content of total phenols, the seed oil (31.94–76.30 mg GAE g-1) has a higher value than the pulp (30.18–54.30 mg GAE g-1). The set of samples was characterized as a significant source of genetic variability; thanks to the excellent alternatives they provide as rootstocks for commercial varieties such as the ‘Lorena’ cultivars. The chemical classification carried out in this study is of great importance, due to the lack of information about the oil of the ‘Papelillo’ avocado cultivated in different regions of Colombia.
Highlights
By the time of this study, the avocado (Persea americana Mill) was being grown in five continents, in tropical and subtropical countries, South America cultivates most of these crops (FAO, 2012)
Three horticultural races have been considered in this study for the avocado, viz., the Mexican (P. americana var. drymifolia), Guatemalan (P. americana var. guatemalensis) and Antillean or West Indian (P. americana var. americana) (PÉREZ et al, 2015)
The production has arisen from different sources of native trees, and the selected cultivars were reproduced asexually (CAÑAS et al, 2015)
Summary
By the time of this study, the avocado (Persea americana Mill) was being grown in five continents, in tropical and subtropical countries, South America cultivates most of these crops (FAO, 2012). Three horticultural races have been considered in this study for the avocado, viz., the Mexican Hybrids have been obtained between the Mexican and Guatemalan races and between this and the Antillana race, with varieties produced such as ‘Stand 8’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Collinred’, ‘Fuerte’, ‘Gwen’, ‘Hass’, ‘Lorena’, ‘Reed’, ‘Trapica’ and ‘Trinidad’, showing a better adaptation and a higher yield of these commercial fruits (BERNAL et al, 2008). The success of a commercial avocado crop depends upon the proper selection of the varieties to be planted, as well as the grafting methods to be applied, to ensure the other advantages such as continuity in production, the extension of the harvest periods, greater production yield, reduced risk of pest- and disease-related issues, improved crop development and higher fruit quality (CAÑAS et al, 2015)
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