Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides or proteins from microorganisms. We report a novel bacteriocin producing strain, Enterococcus faecalis Gr17, that was isolated from the Chinese traditional low-salt fermented whole fish product Suan yu. E. faecalis Gr17 displayed potent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The complete genome of E. faecalis Gr17 contained one circular chromosome and plasmid. The gene cluster of a novel bacteriocin designated enterocin Gr17 was identified. The enterocin Gr17 structural gene encodes a precursor of the bacteriocin. Two other transporter genes and an immunity gene within two divergent operons were identified as being associated with enterocin Gr17 secretion and protection. The novel enterocin Gr17 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of enterocin Gr17 was 4,531.01 Da as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its mature amino acid sequence of enterocin Gr17 was RSYGNGVYCNNSKCWVNWGEAKENIIGIVISGWATGLAGMGR. Sequence alignment revealed that enterocin Gr17 is a class IIa bacteriocin with similarities to enterocin P. The merits of bactericidal activity, sensitivity to enzymes, and pronounced stability to chemicals, temperature (60°C, 30 min and 121°C, 15 min), and pH (2–10) indicated practicality and safety of enterocin Gr17 in the food industry. The complete genome information of E. faecalis Gr17 will improve the understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of enterocin Gr17, which has potential value as a food biopreservative.
Highlights
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteins and protein complexes with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against many food-borne pathogens and closely related species (Cleveland et al, 2001)
A total of 589 single bacterial colonies were isolated from Suan yu
The complete genome of E. faecalis Gr17 consists of a 2,588,149-base pair circular chromosome and a 49,643-bp circular plasmid designated as pGR-1, with a GC content of 38.47 and 31.51 mol%, respectively
Summary
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteins and protein complexes with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against many food-borne pathogens and closely related species (Cleveland et al, 2001). They do not affect cells that produce immune-related proteins (Diep et al, 2007). Enterococci, the first LAB colonizing the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (Fanaro et al, 2010), are ubiquitous in fermented foods and the environment (Franz et al, 2003; Foulquie Moreno et al, 2006). Enterococci are important for the health of humans and animals, as well as in the food industry and the environment
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