Abstract

Bananas and plantains form part of the farming systems in the humid forest zone and medium elevation ecological situations in sub-Saharan Africa. The production constraints are fungal diseases (Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Fusarium), banana borer (Cosmopolites sordidus), nematodes and dwindling harvests. Research on Musa started at IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) in 1973. The Plantain and Banana Improvement Program (PBIP) was set up in 1991. Description of the progress made: the obtaining of germplasm with sustainable resistance to black leaf streak disease, improvement of plantain production, better knowledge of the genome, improvement by crosses, development of biotechnological techniques for improving Musa, research on the post-harvest quality of plantain and better knowledge of interactions between genotypes and farming systems.[Les bananiers et les bananiers plantain sont des composants des systemes de production de la zone forestiere humide et des ecologies de moyenne altitude de l'Afrique sub-saharienne. Les contraintes de production sont les maladies fongiques (Mycosphaerella fijiensis et Fusarium), le charancon du bananier (Cosmopolites sordidus), les nematodes et le declin des recoltes. Les recherches sur les Musa ont debute a l'IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) en 1973. Un programme d'amelioration (Plantain and Banana Improvement Program, PBIP) a ete organise en 1991. Les progres realises sont exposes : l'obtention de materiel genetique avec une resistance durable a la cercosporiose noire, l'amelioration de la production du bananier plantain, une meilleure connaissance du genome, l'amelioration par des croisements, le developpement des techniques biotechnologiques pour l'amelioration des Musa, les recherches sur la qualite des bananiers plantain apres recolte, et une meilleure connaissance des interactions entre genotypes et systemes de culture.][Los bananos y platanos forman parte del sistema de produccion de la zona forestal humeda y elevaciones medianas en µfrica sub-saharense. Las limitaciones a la produccion son las enfermedades fungosas (Mycosphaerella fijiensis y Fusarium), picudo negro (Cosmopolites sordidus), nematodos y la declinacion de las cosechas. Investigacion de Musa empezada en el IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture - Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) en 1973. El Programa de Mejoramiento de Banano y Platano (Plantain and Banana Improvement Program - PBIP) fue establecido en 1991. Descripcion de los avances logrados: obtencion del germoplasma con resistencia sostenible a la Sigatoka negra, mejoramiento de la produccion de platano, mejor conocimiento del genoma, mejoramiento por cruzamientos, desarrollo de tecnicas biotecnologicas para el mejoramiento de Musa, investigacion de la calidad postcosecha de platano, y mejor conocimiento de las interacciones entre los genotipos y sistemas de produccion.]

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