Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs. To date, six additional porcine parvoviruses (PPV2-PPV7) have been identified. In this study, we detected 11 PPV1 strains, five PPV3 strains, three PPV4 strains, six PPV5 strains, five PPV6 strains, and one PPV7 strain in Korean wild boars. PPV1, -3, and -5, and PPV6 from Korean wild boars harbor conserved motifs within the Ca2+ binding loop and the catalytic center of the PLA1 motif. Intra-species recombination among PPV7 strains was also identified. Genetic characterization revealed that PPV1 from Korean wild boars may be similar to virulent PPV strains.
Highlights
Parvoviruses belonging to the family Parvoviridae are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear DNA viruses with a genome of approximately 4.0–6.0 kb in size [1]
According to classification based upon the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus within the subfamily Parvovirinae
Unlike PPV1, PPV2 and PPV3 belong to the genus Tetraparvovirus, and PPV4 and PPV6 belong to the genus Copiparvovirus within the subfamily Parvovirinae
Summary
Parvoviruses belonging to the family Parvoviridae are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, linear DNA viruses with a genome of approximately 4.0–6.0 kb in size [1]. These results may be due to natural co-infection, which can happen frequently, and suggest the possibility of potential intra- and inter-recombination events among different types of PPVs. A previous study reported that a single PPV antigen (PPV2, -3, -4, -5, or -6) was detected in 80.2% (65/81) of DNA-positive samples identified on six commercial pig farms in Poland [6]. ML analysis of genome (NS1/VP1, REP/Cap, NS1/Cap, and ORF1/ORF2) sequences (excluding the 5' UTR and 3' UTR regions) revealed that PPVs detected in 31 Korean wild boars belonged to six genera (PPV1, PPV3, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6, and PPV7) (Fig. 1).
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