Genetic Analysis of Combining Ability and Genetic Parameters of Half Diallel Crosses of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The 10 bread wheat genotypes used in this research comprised 9 that have only recently been introduced to the United States (M45, Yakora, Giza168, Sids 12, SK95, Misr2, Giemiza9, Sahel 1, Sids14), all from the Arab Republic of Egypt. The genotypes, including the Silano variant, were grown in the field crops department research station at the University of Kirkuk’s College of Agriculture. To examine the combining ability, gene action, and some genetic factors for, genotypes (parents and crossings from half diallel crossing) were grown in a randomized completely block design R.C.B.D with three duplicate. Days to 75% flowering, tillers per plant, spike length in centimeters, and grains per plant were all measured. spike-1, 1000-grain weight (g), plant-1 grain yield (g), and plant-1 biological yield (g). The Outcomes Results of genetic analysis demonstrated that there were very significant variations in genotype means for all studied features, as indicated by (MSgca) and (MSsca). For all qualities under investigation, the estimated global variance components numbered less than the predicted individual ones. This suggests that the dominance variance in genes has a larger role in determining the inheritance of these traits. value of the effect of the special Combining Ability of the hybrids was (29), (37), (84), and (96) for all traits studied, the values of dominance variance were higher than the Additional variance for characters number of days to flowering 75% plants, No. of tillers per plant, and number of tillers per plot, and parent (4) for the characteristics of the number of days to value of the effect of the general Combining Ability of the hybrids is the parent (9) for all the traits studied plant-1 (g), grain yielding, spike-1, and the features of spike length (cm) and the number of grains were highly heritable in a restricted sense. spike-1, grains yield plant-1 (g), days to flowering 75% of plants (moderate), tillers per plant-1 (moderate), weight of 1000 grains per plant-1 (moderate), and biological yield plant+ (moderate). Additionally, all attributes had high heritability values, with the range being from 98.059 for the number of tillers per plant to 91.206 for the weight of one thousand grains. Over dominance is preponderant in the inheritance of these features, as the degree of dominance values were more than one. Overall, we found that parents, 12 siblings, and 14 siblings had a strong combining ability across all attributes. It is possible to benefit from the two parents (4) and (9) in future hybrid programs in transferring their desired traits to local varieties and following the isolationist generations of hybrids (YakoraSids14), (Giza168Giemiza9), (Sahel1sids12), and (Sids14Misr2). This is because their special combining ability was high in all the traits studied.