Abstract
Canine adenoviruses (CAV) can infect both domestic and wild canid. Canine Adenovirus Type-1 (CAV-1) and Canine Adenovirus Type-2 (CAV-2) are the cause of infectious canine hepatitis and infectious canine laryngotracheitis, respectively. The epidemiology of the virus is not clear enough in the most territory. For this purpose, data on the virus in Turkey, which is a bridge between continents, were examined. Comparing the sequence data of strains circulated in the field over a ten-year period revealed a genetic heterogeneity. To make this comparision total of 32 fecal samples collected from shelter dogs with diarrhea in 2011 was used. Firstly, virus isolation was performed in MDCK cells and cytopathogenic effects were observed in 4/32 samples. Secondly, the supernatant of four isolates were found positive for the E3 gene of CAV-2 by PCR. Strains were placed on a different branch from other Turkish isolates under the same subgroup in the phylogenetic tree. According to partial E3 gene analysis, seven amino acid substitutions were detected between the strains. Due to Shannon entropy value and ConSurf analysis, all of them were indicated as important antigenic sites. This study pointed out the possible genetic heterogeneity among CAV-2 in Turkey.
Highlights
Adenoviruses are enveloped, fully hexo-square, with icosahedral symmetry and 70-90 nm in diameter
After inoculation of specimens onto Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, rounding of cells, detachment from the surface, and the typical grape cluster-like cytopathic effect (CPE) were observed in MDCK cells only in 4/32 samples after 2nd-3rd passage onwards (Figure 1)
The titer of the strains in the MDCK cells at 96 hours post-infection was found to be as 10-6.0, 10-6.0, 10-6.5, 10-6.75 TCID50/ml, and isolates were named as CAV2/TUR/PenCAV-5/2011, CAV2/ TUR/PenCAV-6/2011, CAV2/TUR/PenCAV-7/2011, and CAV2/TUR/PenCAV-9/2011, respectively
Summary
Adenoviruses are enveloped, fully hexo-square, with icosahedral symmetry and 70-90 nm in diameter.
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