Abstract
Seed coat color is an important agronomic trait in sesame, as it is associated with seed biochemical properties, antioxidant content and activity and even disease resistance of sesame. Here, using a high-density linkage map, we analyzed genetic segregation and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for sesame seed coat color in six generations (P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2). Results showed that two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects and polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects were responsible for controlling the seed coat color trait. Average heritability of the major genes in the BC1, BC2 and F2 populations was 89.30%, 24.00%, and 91.11% respectively, while the heritability of polygenes was low in the BC1 (5.43%), in BC2 (0.00%) and in F2 (0.89%) populations. A high-density map was constructed using 724 polymorphic markers. 653 SSR, AFLP and RSAMPL loci were anchored in 14 linkage groups (LG) spanning a total of 1,216.00 cM. The average length of each LG was 86.86 cM and the marker density was 1.86 cM per marker interval. Four QTLs for seed coat color, QTL1-1, QTL11-1, QTL11-2 and QTL13-1, whose heritability ranged from 59.33%–69.89%, were detected in F3 populations using CIM and MCIM methods. Alleles at all QTLs from the black-seeded parent tended to increase the seed coat color. Results from QTLs mapping and classical genetic analysis among the P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 populations were comparatively consistent. This first QTL analysis and high-density genetic linkage map for sesame provided a good foundation for further research on sesame genetics and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Highlights
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n = 26), a member of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest and most important oilseed crops known to man due to its high oil content and quality [1]
Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed coat color, QTL1-1, QTL11-1, QTL11-2 and QTL13-1, whose heritability ranged from 59.33%–69.89%, were detected in F3 populations using Composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed linear composite interval mapping (MCIM) methods
Seed Coat Color Phenotype Field investigation showed that the phenotype of COI1134 (P1)
Summary
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n = 26), a member of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the oldest and most important oilseed crops known to man due to its high oil content and quality [1]. Seed coat color is an important agronomic trait in sesame. Black sesame seeds usually have higher ash and carbohydrate content, but lower protein, oil, and moisture ratios [4]. Seed coat color in sesame seems to be associated with seed biochemical properties, antioxidant content and activity and even the level of disease resistance among sesame accessions, in addition to being a marker of evolution within the Sesamum genus [2,3,4,5,6,7]
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