Abstract
Paeonia ostii, a member of tree peony, is an emerging oil crop with important medical and oil uses and widely cultivated in China. Dissolving the genetic diversity and domestication history of this species is important for further genetic improvements and deployments. We firstly selected 29 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) via transcriptome mining, segregation analyses and polymorphism characterizations; then, 901 individuals from the range-wide samples were genotyped using well-characterized SSR markers. We observed moderate genetic diversity among individuals, and Shaanxi Province was identified as the center of genetic diversity for our cultivated plants. Five well-separated gene pools were detected by STRUCTURE analyses, and the results suggested that multiple independent domestication origins occurred in Shaanxi Province and Tongling City (Anhui Province). Taken together, the genetic evidence and the historical records suggest multiple long-distance introductions after the plant was domesticated in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces. The present study provides the first genetic evaluation of the domestication history of P. ostii, and our results provide an important reference for further genetic improvements and deployments of this important crop.
Highlights
Edible oils represent an important food source for the rapidly growing global population[1, 2]
The transcriptome assembly of the tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa ‘LuoYang Hong’)[48], which is a related species related to P. ostii, was mined for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
We developed a F1 mapping population for segregation analyses and genetic map construction. This mapping population included 195 progenies derived from a cross between P. ostii ‘FenDanBai’ and P. × suffruticosa ‘HongQiao’
Summary
Edible oils represent an important food source for the rapidly growing global population[1, 2]. Paeonia ostii is a traditional medicinal plant that represents a newly discovered and underutilized woody oilseed plant with a considerable agronomic potential for edible oil production This species was grown for the root bark, which is used as an antispasmodic throughout Asia[5]. P. ostii has been cultivated as a new crop for edible oil production, which represents an unprecedented opportunity for the peony oil industry; the genetic background of this species is poorly understood. Proper initiation of breeding populations by the selection of optimal genotypes from the available germplasm is lacking and a proper resource management strategy across the entire country has not been developed These questions present the main challenges for the deployment of P. ostii. These markers can be used to determine the allele inheritance and independent assortment of P. ostii[47] and for conducting a population genetic study
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