Abstract
In hybrid wireless sensor networks composed of both static and mobile sensor nodes, the random deployment of stationary nodes may cause coverage holes in the sensing field. Hence, mobile sensor nodes are added after the initial deployment to overcome the coverage holes problem. To achieve optimal coverage, an efficient algorithm should be employed to find the best positions of the additional mobile nodes. This paper presents a genetic algorithm that searches for an optimal or near optimal solution to the coverage holes problem. The proposed algorithm determines the minimum number and the best locations of the mobile nodes that need to be added after the initial deployment of the stationary nodes. The performance of the genetic algorithm was evaluated using several metrics, and the simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can optimize the network coverage in terms of the overall coverage ratio and the number of additional mobile nodes.
Highlights
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed system which is composed of tiny, low-cost, battery-operated sensor nodes that collaborate together for the purpose of achieving certain task such as environment monitoring and object tracking [1]
While area coverage protocols are designed to maximize the area of the sensing field that could be covered, target coverage, on the other hand, assumes that the sensing field is divided into targets
A little research in the field of WSNs has used and employed genetic algorithm (GA) to search for an optimal number of sensor nodes that can be added after the initial node deployment in order to maximize the coverage
Summary
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed system which is composed of tiny, low-cost, battery-operated sensor nodes that collaborate together for the purpose of achieving certain task such as environment monitoring and object tracking [1]. In order to overcome the problem of holes formulation after initial deployment of the sensor nodes in the sensing field, an efficient algorithm that would maximize the covered area or targets should be employed. In WSNs where all nodes are stationary, the area of the sensing field and the number of sensor nodes are small, coverage can be maximized by manually deploying additional nodes to the initially deployed ones. If the sensor nodes are hybrid in which some of the nodes are stationary and the other are mobile, an efficient algorithm should be employed in order to find the number and locations of the mobile nodes that should be added after the initial deployment of the stationary nodes. A little research in the field of WSNs has used and employed GA to search for an optimal number of sensor nodes that can be added after the initial node deployment in order to maximize the coverage.
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