Abstract
The springs of thermal-mineral waters (TMWs) of Ilidža near Sarajevo appear at the transition of the Central and Inner Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at the overthrust front of the Bosnian Flysch and the far southeastern part of Sarajevo-Zenica Tertiary Basin. The wider area of Ilidža is composed of Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits. The genesis of the TMWs of Ilidža was determined from the structural-tectonic relationships and hydrogeological features of the terrain, as well as from the analysis of hydrogeochemical indicators and isotopic compositions of water and gases. Hydrogeochemical methods included analysis of the hydrocarbon indicators, ionic ratio calculations and genetic classifications. The primary aquifer of TMWs of Ilidža are Permian-Triassic sediments with gypsum and anhydrites, and secondary aquifers are Triassic carbonates and alluvial deposits. The temperature of the TMWs resulted from the interaction of infiltration depth of atmospheric water and the geothermal gradient. Static pressure in the lenses of Permian-Triassic deposits and the dynamic factors of TMWs, moving and ascending through porous rocks over long distances under extremely high pressures, contributed as well. The TMWs are of atmospheric origin and had no interaction with the atmospheric or surface waters since the year of 1953. TMWs are formed in the Upper Pleistocene, at the time of the cold climate within the epoch. Sulphates in TMWs originated from the Permian-Triassic evaporites. H2S is produced under sulphate reducing conditions and CO2 is produced from metamorphosed carbonates.
Highlights
The thermal-mineral water (TMW) springs of Ilidža near Sarajevo appear at the transition of the Central and Inner Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. the far southeastern part of the Zenica-Sarajevo Tertiary Basin
The TMWs of Ilidža are primarily accumulated in the Permian-Triassic gypsum deposits
In the Ilidža area, the chemistry of TMWs is closely related to deposits that drain or precipitate a part of the dissolved substances in TMWs by dissolving rocks or minerals that build aquifers
Summary
The thermal-mineral water (TMW) springs of Ilidža near Sarajevo appear at the transition of the Central and Inner Dinarides of Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. the far southeastern part of the Zenica-Sarajevo Tertiary Basin. Mojsisovics (1880) associated TMWs of Ilidža with mineral waters that appear from Busovača to Ilidža on a large displacement, along the southwest perimeter of the Tertiary Basin. In the early 20th century, Kittl (1904) linked the occurrence of TMWs of Ilidža with the Busovača Fault. Katzer (1919) stated that the origin of the formation of the TMWs of Ilidža is in Paleozoic Highlands, that probably lie under the shallow Sarajevo Basin. Katzer stated that the TMW of Ilidža appears at the intersection of NW-SE faults with Vareš-Čevljanovici-Ulos Over-
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