Abstract
Human infection with a novel influenza A(H10N8) virus was first described in China in December 2013. However, the origin and genetic diversity of this virus is still poorly understood. We performed a phylogenetic analysis and coalescent analysis of two viruses from the first case of influenza A(H10N8) (A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-1/2013 and A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-2/2013 and a novel A(H10N8) virus (A/chicken/Jiangxi/102/2013) isolated from a live poultry market that the patient had visited. The haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), PA subunit of the virus polymerase complex, nucleoprotein (NP), M and nonstructural protein (NS) genes of the three virus strains shared the same genetic origins. The origins of their HA and NA genes were similar: originally from wild birds to ducks, and then to chickens. The PA, NP, M, and NS genes were similar to those of chicken influenza A(H9N2) viruses. Coalescent analyses showed that the reassortment of these genes from A(H9N2) to A(H10N8) might have occurred at least twice. However, the PB1 and PB2 genes of the chicken A(H10N8) virus most likely originated from H7-like viruses of ducks, while those of the viruses from the case most likely stemmed from A(H9N2) viruses circulating in chickens. The oseltamivir-resistance mutation, R292K (R291K in A(H10N8) numbering) in the NA protein, occurred after four days of oseltamivir treatment. It seems that A(H10N8) viruses might have become established among poultry and their genetic diversity might be much higher than what we have observed.
Highlights
On 17 December 2013, China formally confirmed the first human infection with an avian influenza A(H10N8) virus in Jiangxi Province [1]
Phylogenetic analysis and coalescent analysis of the A(H10N8) viruses from a human case and an A(H10N8) virus isolated from a chicken from the live poultry market that the patient visited a few days before symptom onset show that both A/chicken/Jiangxi/102/2013 and A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-1/2013 were multiple reassortants (Figure 8)
The PB1 and PB2 genes of A/chicken/ Jiangxi/102/2013 most likely originated from the counterparts of the subtype H7 from ducks, whereas those of A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346-1/2013 might be derived from contemporarily circulating chicken A(H9N2) influenza viruses
Summary
On 17 December 2013, China formally confirmed the first human infection with an avian influenza A(H10N8) virus in Jiangxi Province [1]. From 3 December, she had been given oseltamivir as an antiviral treatment. As of 15 February 2014, three cases of human infection with A(H10N8) virus have been confirmed in Jiangxi Province, of whom two died [2]. These infections in southern China coincided with a second wave of A(H7N9) virus infection in eastern China: as of midFebruary, there have been more than 300 human cases [3]
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