Abstract
The Hajibolagh-Zalibolagh deposit located northeast of the city of Saveh in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc of Iran, demonstrates vein and breccia vein style copper-(silver) mineralization hosted by Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks. The main mineralization stage can be divided into four phases, respectively (1) jasperoid + quartz veins, chalcopyrite, and pyrite; (2) quartz veins along with chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite; (3) quartz-barite veins along with chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite and pyrite; and (4) veins of quartz, calcite, hematite, and oligist along with a small number of copper sulfides. The main stages of mineralization are cut by barren post-ore quartz and calcite veinlets. As a result of supergene processes, minerals are oxidized, and malachite, azurite, chrysocolla, chalcocite, covellite, goethite, and hematite are formed, presenting an important exploration guide. The hydrothermal alteration from the center of the vein-veinlets to the outside includes, respectively, silicification, sericitization, intermediate argillic, and propylitic. The average salinity and homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusions is 14.2 wt% NaCl equiv. and 288 °C, respectively. The coexistence of the vapor phase, liquid-rich phase, and halite-bearing fluid inclusions is a sign of boiling in this hydrothermal system, which has contributed to copper saturation. Sulfur isotope values for pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and bornite are mainly from –0.16 to 2.98 ‰, indicating a probable magmatic source for sulfur. Boiling, dilution, and mixing are the mechanisms for the ore deposition and facilitated the mineralization. The Hajibolagh-Zalibolagh deposit shows the highest similarity to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits. The best environment for the mineralization and fluid circulation in these epithermal deposits is the intersection of faults with the Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks.
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