Abstract
康家湾铅锌矿床位于湖南省水口山矿田，矿体主要产于二叠系当冲组下段泥灰岩、硅质岩与栖霞组灰岩的层间硅化破碎带中。根据矿物组合和穿插关系，可将该矿床的成矿作用过程划分为3个阶段：黄铁矿-石英阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿（黄铁矿）-石英阶段和方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明，康家湾铅锌矿床黄铁矿-石英阶段的流体主要为中-高温（243~343℃）、中-高盐度（18.4%~33.8% NaCleqv）的流体；闪锌矿-方铅矿（黄铁矿）-石英阶段的流体为中-高温（278~352℃）、中-低盐度（1.1%~20.7% NaCleqv）流体；晚期方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段的流体为低温（125~191℃）、低盐度（0.2%~6.7% NaCleqv）的流体。其中，闪锌矿-方铅矿（黄铁矿）-石英阶段的流体发生了沸腾作用。激光拉曼分析结果显示，该矿床成矿期的石英和闪锌矿中的液体包裹体气相成分主要为H<sub>2</sub>O。H-O、S同位素研究显示，康家湾铅锌矿床的成矿流体可能主要来源于岩浆水，并在运移过程中混合了大气水。结合矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢氧、硫同位素特征，流体混合导致温度、盐度降低和沸腾作用可能是导致康家湾铅锌矿床成矿物质发生大规模沉淀的重要因素。
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