Genesis of Antibiotic Resistance XX: CDC (Frieden's) report on AR and executive strategy to mitigate AR pandemic fail to account human migration (immigrants) and Hardy‐Weinberg ‐ Castle Principle§

Abstract

Human mobility is causing an increase spread of antimicrobial drug–resistant organisms and drug‐resistant infectious diseases. International population movement is an integral component of the globalization process. Current population movement dynamics rapidly and effectively link regions of marked health disparity, and these linkages can be associated with risk for introduction / importation of drug‐resistant infectious diseases to population that are susceptible for diseases such as Tuberculosis and leprosy. The International Labor Organization (ILO) stated that in 2004, an estimated 175 million persons lived permanently outside their country (regions) of birth and that there were 81 million migrant workers excluding refugees globally. They are, however, one of the more likely populations to evolve (in comparison to medical community, underprivileged) because they meet multiple criteria of the HWCP principle (but not all of the conditions). Immigrants meet the condition of small populations. Even though many immigrant populations are large (2015 ‐Syrian ‐ Iraqi refugees in Europe; Approximately 11 million immigrants in United States, originating many Latin American countries including Mexico), they are not as large compared to the native population of the country which they are immigrating to. Systematic analysis of 2014 National Population Projections, as per HWCP, https://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2014 shows that there is a gene flow due to intermixing of ethnic groups (for example a Cuban immigrating to the U.S. has children with a native U.S. citizen). Due to enhanced immunocompetency and innate immunity to diverse pathogens, immigrants tend to have the highest possibility of evolving. We have identified that immigrants fit three of the five categories defining HWCP: Natural selection, small population size, and gene flow. And lastly, immigrants (especially 2nd and 3rd generation) tend to mate with the people of their new home, and therefore, there is a sustained gene flow as defined by HWCP.Support or Funding InformationSupported by professional development funds by SWTJC to S.Kannan for 2014–2015