Genes of Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferases in Soil Bacteria of the Streptomyces Genus

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest problems in modern medicine and a global threat to health care. Aminoglycoside phosphotransferases (APHs) currently pose a serious threat to antimicrobial therapy; therefore, research on the functions and obtainment of 3D structures of aminoglycoside phosphotransferases is an important and urgent issue that will allow the development of approaches to overcome resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Soil actinobacteria of the Streptomyces genus contain the largest number of aph genes; these genes can be transferred to them from antibiotic producing strains. The review analyzes the current data on the actinobacteria of the Streptomyces genus as a reservoir of drug resistance genes, as well as approaches to the identification of aph genes associated with resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics on the example of the model strain S. rimosus ATCC 10970 (oxytetracycline producer). The data on the development of test systems for the screening of inhibitors and potential drugs are discussed. The inhibition of proteins that provide a natural level of bacterial resistance to a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics may help overcome multidrug resistance in pathogenic actinobacteria and expand the range of drugs used due to the synergistic effect of the antibiotic with the ARH inhibitor compound.